Background/Aim: Nivolumab monotherapy for advanced/metastatic renal cell carcinoma (RCC)
shows a survival benefit. The purpose of this study was to evaluate tumor responses to …

Introduction Although variant urothelial carcinoma (VUC, defined here as urothelial
carcinoma with any histological variant) is a clinically aggressive disease, the efficacy of …

Background To evaluate the association of clinical outcomes with posttreatment changes in
the relative eosinophil count (REC) and neutrophil-to-eosinophil ratio (NER) in patients with …

Background and Aim Indigo naturalis (IN) is a traditional Chinese herbal medicine reported
to be effective in inducing remission in ulcerative colitis (UC). We conducted a retrospective …

Background To evaluate the association between immune-related adverse events (irAEs)
and the clinical outcomes and also between irAEs and the post-treatment changes in the …

Objective To assess the characteristics of biochemical recurrence in the late period (>5 years
after radical prostatectomy) and the differences in the predictors of biochemical recurrence …

Background The skeletal muscle is an unusual site for metastasis from renal cell carcinoma (RCC).
Metastatic RCC must be differentiated from benign primary soft-tissue tumors …

Background Since December 2017, pembrolizumab has been approved in Japan as a
second-line treatment for radical unresectable urothelial carcinoma (UC) that has become …

Background/Aim: The organ-specific therapeutic effects of avelumab for the maintenance
treatment of advanced urothelial carcinoma (UC) are unclear. Patients and Methods: Patients …

Objective Radium‐223 (Ra‐223) dichloride is the bone‐targeted radioligand therapy that
prolongs overall survival (OS) in patients with bone‐metastatic castration‐resistant prostate …