Introduction: To evaluate clinical complications following transperineal prostate biopsy in 8.500 patients.
Materials and methods: From January 2000 to January 2022, 8,500 men (median age: 62.8 years) underwent transperineal prostate biopsy; since 2011, 1,850 patients were submitted to mpMRI and in the presence of a PI-RADS score ≥ 3, a transperineal targeted biopsy was added to systematic prostate biopsy (4 cores). All patients underwent antibiotic prophylaxis (2000-2011: levoxacin 500 tablet; 2012-2022: 2 grams intravenous of cefazolin). Among 8.500 men 1.350 (15.8%) vs. 4.520 (53.3%) vs. 2.630 (30.9%) underwent 12 vs. 18 vs. > 24 needle cores, respectively. The prostate biopsy-related complications were evaluated within 20 days from prostate biopsy; the number of patients who needed hospital admission or emergency department visit (EDV) was recorded.
Results: Prostate cancer was found in 3.150/8.500 (37.1%) patients; overall, hospital admission and EDV were equal to 1.5% and 8.9% and the side effects were directly correlated with the number of needle cores resulting equal to 17.4% (12 cores), 38.7% (18 cores) and 55.3% (> 24 cores) (p = 0.001). Hospital admission and EDV in men who underwent 12 vs. 18 vs. > 24 cores occurred in 1.5% and 7.4% vs. 1.4% and 8.7% vs. 1.7% and 10.6% (p > 0.05), respectively.
Conclusions: Clinical complications following transperineal prostate biopsy involved 35.9% of the patients but only 1.5% of them required hospital admission; urinary tract infection with fever was the most frequent cause of hospital recovery (33.4% of the cases), but none of the patients developed sepsis.