Abstract
Diabetes mellitus is a group of physiological dysfunctions characterized by hyperglycemia resulting directly from insulin resistance, inadequate insulin secretion, or excessive glucagon secretion. Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is an autoimmune disorder leading to the destruction of pancreatic beta-cells. Type 2 diabetes (T2D), which is much more common, is primarily a problem of progressively impaired glucose regulation due to a combination of dysfunctional pancreatic beta cells and insulin resistance. The purpose of this article is to review the basic science of type 2 diabetes and its complications, and to discuss the most recent treatment guidelines.
MeSH terms
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Angiotensin Receptor Antagonists / therapeutic use*
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Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors / therapeutic use*
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Blood Glucose Self-Monitoring
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Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / complications
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Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / diagnosis
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Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / therapy*
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Diabetic Nephropathies / etiology
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Diabetic Nephropathies / therapy*
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Diabetic Neuropathies / etiology
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Diabetic Neuropathies / therapy*
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Diabetic Retinopathy / etiology
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Diabetic Retinopathy / therapy*
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Diet, Diabetic
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Humans
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Hypoglycemic Agents / therapeutic use*
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Motor Activity
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Nephrology Nursing
Substances
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Angiotensin Receptor Antagonists
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Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors
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Hypoglycemic Agents