Development of a lozenge for oral transmucosal delivery of trans-resveratrol in humans: proof of concept

PLoS One. 2014 Feb 26;9(2):e90131. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0090131. eCollection 2014.

Abstract

Resveratrol provides multiple physiologic benefits which promote healthspan in various model species and clinical trials support continued exploration of resveratrol treatment in humans. However, there remains concern regarding low bioavailability and wide inter-individual differences in absorption and metabolism in humans, which suggests a great need to develop novel methods for resveratrol delivery. We hypothesized that oral transmucosal delivery, using a lozenge composed of a resveratrol-excipient matrix, would allow resveratrol to be absorbed rapidly into the bloodstream. We pursued proof of concept through two experiments. In the first experiment, the solubility of trans-resveratrol (tRES) in water and 2.0 M solutions of dextrose, fructose, ribose, sucrose, and xylitol was determined using HPLC. Independent t-tests with a Bonferroni correction were used to compare the solubility of tRES in each of the solutions to that in water. tRES was significantly more soluble in the ribose solution (p = 0.0013) than in the other four solutions. Given the enhanced solubility of tRES in a ribose solution, a resveratrol-ribose matrix was developed into a lozenge suitable for human consumption. Lozenges were prepared, each containing 146±5.5 mg tRES per 2000 mg of lozenge mass. Two healthy human participants consumed one of the prepared lozenges following an overnight fast. Venipuncture was performed immediately before and 15, 30, 45, and 60 minutes following lozenge administration. Maximal plasma concentrations (Cmax) for tRES alone (i.e., resveratrol metabolites not included) were 325 and 332 ng⋅mL(-1) for the two participants at 15 minute post-administration for both individuals. These results suggest a resveratrol-ribose matrix lozenge can achieve greater Cmax and enter the bloodstream faster than previously reported dosage forms for gastrointestinal absorption. While this study is limited by small sample size and only one method of resveratrol delivery, it does provide proof of concept to support further exploration of novel delivery methods for resveratrol administration.

Publication types

  • Clinical Trial
  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

  • Administration, Mucosal
  • Administration, Oral
  • Adult
  • Biological Availability
  • Chemistry, Pharmaceutical / methods*
  • Humans
  • Male
  • Resveratrol
  • Ribose / chemistry
  • Stilbenes / administration & dosage*
  • Stilbenes / blood
  • Stilbenes / chemistry*
  • Stilbenes / pharmacokinetics
  • Water / chemistry

Substances

  • Stilbenes
  • Water
  • Ribose
  • Resveratrol

Grants and funding

Wilmore Laboratories has funded this work. OLB contributed to the study design, however, JMS was primarily in charge of the study design and had the final say in all decisions. OLB did not influence the decision to publish this data. JMS made the executive decision to publish this data. OLB did review the contents of this manuscript. However, JMS made all final decisions regarding every aspect of this manuscript.