Background: Endometriosis occurring in a surgical scar is well recognized and occurs mainly in patients with a history of hysterectomy or Caesarean section. Scar endometriosis, as well as endometriosis at other sites, can undergo malignant change. Endometrioid carcinoma is the most common malignant tumour arising in endometriosis. However, clear cell carcinoma can also occur but is unusual.
Aim: To discuss the diagnosis and management of such a case.
Methods: We report a case of primary clear cell carcinoma in endometriosis of a Caesarean section scar and review the literature.
Results: The patient presented with a large right lower quadrant abdominal wall mass within a Caesarean section scar. Histological examination revealed a clear cell carcinoma. The patient had a prior history of pelvic endometriosis. According to the Irish National Cancer Registry, this is the first reported case of a primary abdominal wall clear cell carcinoma developing within a Caesarean section scar in Ireland.
Conclusion: Any lesion occurring in a Caesarean section scar with a history of previous endometriosis cannot be underestimated and warrants careful clinical follow-up and histological evaluation as appropriate.