Abstract
Diabetic retinopathy, a secondary microvascular complication of diabetes mellitus is the leading cause of blindness in the Unites States amongst individuals age 20 to 64. Two major retinal problems cause most of the diabetesrelated vision loss: diabetic macular edema and complications from abnormal retinal blood vessel growth, angiogenesis. Secondary to angiogenesis, increased retinal blood flow is of pathogenic importance in the progression of diabetic retinopathy. Understanding the role of hyperglycemia seems to be the most critical factor in regulating retinal blood flow, as increased levels of blood glucose are thought to have a structural and physiological effect on retinal capillaries causing them to be both functionally and anatomically incompetent. High blood glucose induces hypoxia in retinal tissues, thus leading to the production of VEGF-A (vascular endothelial growth factor protein). Hypoxia is a key regulator of VEGFinduced ocular neovascularization. Secondary to the induction of VEGF by hypoxia, angiogenesis can be controlled by angiogenic inducers and inhibitors. The balance between VEGF and angiogenic inhibitors may determine the proliferation of angiogenesis in diabetic retinopathy. Since VEGF-A is a powerful angiogenic inducer, utilizing anti-VEGF treatments has proved to be a successful protocol in the treatment of proliferative diabetic retinopathy.
Keywords: Diabetic retinopathy, Angiogenesis/neovascularization, VEGF, Hypoxia, Hyperglycemia
Current Diabetes Reviews
Title: Diabetic Retinopathy and Angiogenesis
Volume: 5 Issue: 1
Author(s): Talia N. Crawford, D. Virgil Alfaro III, John B. Kerrison and Eric P. Jablon
Affiliation:
Keywords: Diabetic retinopathy, Angiogenesis/neovascularization, VEGF, Hypoxia, Hyperglycemia
Abstract: Diabetic retinopathy, a secondary microvascular complication of diabetes mellitus is the leading cause of blindness in the Unites States amongst individuals age 20 to 64. Two major retinal problems cause most of the diabetesrelated vision loss: diabetic macular edema and complications from abnormal retinal blood vessel growth, angiogenesis. Secondary to angiogenesis, increased retinal blood flow is of pathogenic importance in the progression of diabetic retinopathy. Understanding the role of hyperglycemia seems to be the most critical factor in regulating retinal blood flow, as increased levels of blood glucose are thought to have a structural and physiological effect on retinal capillaries causing them to be both functionally and anatomically incompetent. High blood glucose induces hypoxia in retinal tissues, thus leading to the production of VEGF-A (vascular endothelial growth factor protein). Hypoxia is a key regulator of VEGFinduced ocular neovascularization. Secondary to the induction of VEGF by hypoxia, angiogenesis can be controlled by angiogenic inducers and inhibitors. The balance between VEGF and angiogenic inhibitors may determine the proliferation of angiogenesis in diabetic retinopathy. Since VEGF-A is a powerful angiogenic inducer, utilizing anti-VEGF treatments has proved to be a successful protocol in the treatment of proliferative diabetic retinopathy.
Export Options
About this article
Cite this article as:
Crawford N. Talia, Alfaro III Virgil D., Kerrison B. John and Jablon P. Eric, Diabetic Retinopathy and Angiogenesis, Current Diabetes Reviews 2009; 5 (1) . https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/157339909787314149
DOI https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/157339909787314149 |
Print ISSN 1573-3998 |
Publisher Name Bentham Science Publisher |
Online ISSN 1875-6417 |
Call for Papers in Thematic Issues
Advancing Diabetic Wound Healing: Mechanisms and Interventions
In recent years, diabetic wounds have become a global health concern with the increase in the incidence of diabetes. Diabetic wounds are a kind of chronic and refractory ulcer. It is generally due to the microcirculatory disturbances and the reduced levels of endogenous growth factors. Delayed cutaneous wound healing is ...read more
Oxidative and inflammatory responses in the development of secondary diabetic complications
Diabetes, along with its associated secondary complications, represents a significant global health challenge, contributing significantly to morbidity and mortality. Unhealthy lifestyle habits, reduced physical activity, environmental pollutants, and stress are pivotal factors in the onset of diabetes, particularly type-2 diabetes. Poorly managed hyperglycemia can lead to various complications, including neuropathy, ...read more
- Author Guidelines
- Graphical Abstracts
- Fabricating and Stating False Information
- Research Misconduct
- Post Publication Discussions and Corrections
- Publishing Ethics and Rectitude
- Increase Visibility of Your Article
- Archiving Policies
- Peer Review Workflow
- Order Your Article Before Print
- Promote Your Article
- Manuscript Transfer Facility
- Editorial Policies
- Allegations from Whistleblowers
- Announcements
Related Articles
-
Vascular and Metabolic Actions of the Green Tea Polyphenol Epigallocatechin Gallate
Current Medicinal Chemistry The Role of C-Reactive Protein in Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease: An Overview
Current Vascular Pharmacology Phytochemical, Anti-diabetic and Cardiovascular Properties of Urtica dioica L. (Urticaceae): A Review
Mini-Reviews in Medicinal Chemistry Genomic Linkage Between Alzheimer's Disease and Type 2 Diabetes
CNS & Neurological Disorders - Drug Targets A Pilot Study of Exenatide Actions in Alzheimer’s Disease
Current Alzheimer Research Stroke Prevention in Patients with Non-valvular Atrial Fibrillation: New Insight in Selection of Rhythm or Rate Control Therapy and Impact of Mean Platelet Volume
Current Pharmaceutical Design Masked Hypertension and Diabetes
Current Hypertension Reviews Matrix Metalloproteinases as Drug Targets in Preeclampsia
Current Drug Targets Silent Cerebral Damage in Hypertension
Current Hypertension Reviews The Heat Stress Response and Diabetes: More Room for Mitochondrial Implication
Current Pharmaceutical Design Therapeutic Window, a Critical Developmental Stage for Stem Cell Therapies
Current Stem Cell Research & Therapy Wnt Signaling Pathway in Schizophrenia
CNS & Neurological Disorders - Drug Targets Nutriproteomics and Nutrigenomics: Exploring the Mechanism Behind omega-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids, Homocysteine and Glucose Metabolism
Current Proteomics MicroRNAs and the Heart: Small Things Do Matter
Current Topics in Medicinal Chemistry Maturity-Onset Diabetes of the Young: An Overview with Focus on the Middle East
Current Molecular Medicine Oxidative Stress, HDL and Atherosclerosis
Anti-Inflammatory & Anti-Allergy Agents in Medicinal Chemistry WISP1 (CCN4) Autoregulates its Expression and Nuclear Trafficking of β-Catenin during Oxidant Stress with Limited Effects upon Neuronal Autophagy
Current Neurovascular Research Cryopreservation of Ovarian Tissue: State of the Art in 2007
Current Women`s Health Reviews Structure-Activity Relationships of Flavonoids
Current Organic Chemistry Marine Peptides for Preventing Metabolic Syndrome
Current Protein & Peptide Science