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Defining “Complete Cytoreduction” After Cytoreductive Surgery and Hyperthermic Intraperitoneal Chemotherapy (CRS/HIPEC) for the Histopathologic Spectrum of Appendiceal Carcinomatosis

  • Peritoneal Surface Malignancy
  • Published:
Annals of Surgical Oncology Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Background

The completeness of cytoreduction (CC) score, which quantifies residual tumor, is a major prognostic factor when treating appendiceal carcinomatosis with cytoreductive surgery and hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (CRS/HIPEC). Both CC-0 and CC-1 are considered complete cytoreductions (CC-0/1) and associated with the best outcomes. We analyzed if the CC-0/1 definition is reliable across appendiceal histopathologic subtypes.

Methods

A prospective database of CRS/HIPEC patients with appendiceal carcinomatosis from 1998 to 2019 was reviewed to identify patients with CC-0/1. Kaplan–Meier overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) by CC-score for each histopathology were calculated.

Results

Overall, 297 patients had CC-0/1. Mean age was 54 ± 12 years with 67% females. Histopathologic subtypes were 45% low-grade mucinous carcinoma peritonei (LGMCP), 27% high-grade MCP (HGMCP), 20% HGMCP with signet ring cells (HGMCP-S), and 8% goblet cell adenocarcinoma (GCAC). CC-0 and CC-1 occurred in 57% and 43% of LGMCP, 65% and 35% of HGMCP, 68% and 32% of HGMCP-S, and 79% and 21% of GCAC, respectively. OS and PFS were statistically longer for CC-0 versus CC-1 in HGMCP-S (p = 0.001 and p = 0.005, respectively) and GCAC (p < 0.001 and p < 0.001), but not in LGMCP (p = 0.098 and p = 0.398) or HGMCP (p = 0.167 and p = 0.356).

Conclusions

Survival outcomes for CC-0 and CC-1 after CRS/HIPEC are different for HGMCP-S and GCAC but not for LGMCP and HGMCP. In HGCMP-S and GCAC, only CC-0 should be considered a complete cytoreduction and analyzed separately from CC-1. This distinction is key to understand disease behavior, accurately address patient prognosis, and explore new treatment strategies.

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Correspondence to Armando Sardi MD, FACS.

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Munoz-Zuluaga, C.A., King, M.C., Diaz-Sarmiento, V.S. et al. Defining “Complete Cytoreduction” After Cytoreductive Surgery and Hyperthermic Intraperitoneal Chemotherapy (CRS/HIPEC) for the Histopathologic Spectrum of Appendiceal Carcinomatosis. Ann Surg Oncol 27, 5026–5036 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1245/s10434-020-08844-5

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1245/s10434-020-08844-5

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