Dental implantEffect of Surgical Drill Guide on Heat Generated From Implant Drilling
Section snippets
Materials and Methods
A total of 80 uniform fresh bovine femoral cortical bone samples were used in the present study. The rationale for choosing bovine cortical bones was that both human and bovine cortical bones are thermally isotropic.13 The specimens were kept frozen until used. Two different implant drill systems—System A (ITI Straumann, Basel, Switzerland) and System B (Zimmer Dental, Carlsbad, CA)—were evaluated using surgical drill guides versus classical implant site preparation. The metal sleeves
Results
The mean temperature in the water bath was 30.1°C. The mean maximum temperature with external irrigation (System A) was 31.9°C, whereas the temperature with both external and internal irrigation (System B) was 36.1°C. The mean maximum temperatures with and without surgical guides were 37.9° and 30.2°C, respectively. The mean maximum temperatures at the depths of 3, 6, and 9 mm were 31.5°, 35.2°, and 35.4°C, respectively. The mean drilling time was 18.1 s.
Thermal rise was significantly lower at
Discussion
For atraumatic surgical preparation, avoidance of excess heat generation during implant drilling is essential.4 Several factors, including drill speed, drill morphology, and sharpness of the drills has been reported to influence temperature rise during drilling procedures. Hobkirk and Rusiniak14 reported that spear point and twist drills required lower operating pressures and shorter operating times than round and fissure burs that were associated with lower thermal trauma to the bone. Cordioli
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