International Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery
Leading Research PaperTissue EngineeringBone formation in trabecular bone cell seeded scaffolds used for reconstruction of the rat mandible
Section snippets
Cells
Human trabecular bone cells were obtained from cancellous femur bone after ablative surgery for total knee arthroplasty. The cancellous bone was harvested from areas away from the joint pathology from the resected portions of the proximal femur bone. Ethical approval to use these specimens was obtained from the local regulatory board. The cancellous bone portions were minced and placed onto Petri dishes with ZKT-I medium15 (DIF 1000 w/o protein supplements, Biochrom, Berlin, Germany)
Human DNA analysis
RT-PCR revealed that only one of the probed scaffolds was positive for human DNA (Group VI: CaCO3 scaffold; dynamic culturing for 14 days) indicating that most of the grafted cells could no longer be detected at the end of the observation period (Fig. 1).
Histologic results
The calcium carbonate scaffolds seeded with trabecular bone cells and cultured for 24 h under static conditions (Group II) exhibited thin layers of immature bone tissue lined by high numbers of osteoblasts. The remaining pores were filled with
Discussion
Despite a decade of research in tissue engineering, there are few reports about the in vivo formation of bone by human BMSCs or mesenchymal stem cells grafted to skeletal sites24, 31. Positive results have been reported for ectopic bone formation after subcutaneous or intramuscular implantation into immuno-compromised rodents2, 17, 18, 19, 40, 41. The fact that the seeded cells have not been able to enhance bone formation in orthotopic sites in mandibular defects has to be considered carefully.
Acknowledgements
The authors wish to thank Dr. Johanna Napp for performing the PCR analyses. This study was supported by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG) (Schl 368/10-1 & 10-2 as well as MA 852/7-2 & 7/3).
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