Elsevier

Burns

Volume 23, Issue 5, August 1997, Pages 387-391
Burns

Scientific and clinical paper
A new silver sulfadiazine water soluble gel

https://doi.org/10.1016/S0305-4179(97)89763-XGet rights and content

Abstract

Silver sulfadiazine is the most commonly used topical antibacterial agent for the treatment of burn wounds. It has many clinical advantages, including a broad spectrum of antimicrobial activity, low toxicity, and minimal pain on application. The current formulation of silver sulfadiazine contains a lipid soluble carrier, polypropylene glycol, that has certain disadvantages, including pseudo-eschar formation and the need for twice daily application. The purpose of this investigation was to describe a new formulation of silver sulfadiazine in a water soluble gel, poloxamer 188. The antibacterial activity of this new gel has been compared to that of the commercially available silver sulfadiazine cream by in vitro and in vivo testing. The results of the in vitro antibacterial testing of these two different agents demonstrated the superiority of the new gel formulation. In experimental wounds, the antibacterial activity of the gel and the commercially available silver sulfadiazine cream were not significantly different when applied once a day. The antibacterial activity of the gel when applied once a day was comparable to that encountered by twice daily applications of the silver sulfadiazine cream by experimental wounds. The major advantage of this gel was its ease of application and removal that is atributed to its water solubility.

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    In addition, SSD is mostly present in a 1% cream. This cream dosage form exhibits a number of general side effects, including their inability to maintain effective drug concentrations for a prolonged period at moist wound surfaces due to their short residence time, their messiness causing inconvenience to patients Dobaria, Badhan, & Mashru, 2009) and according to its manufacturers the SSD cream causes discoloration of the wound bed (Gear et al., 1997), which, after several applications, interferes with judging wound status. Also, it shows low silver release levels which affects the drug's efficacy as the antimicrobial efficiency of silver ions depends directly on its concentration, which should not drop under the limit value required for minimal inhibition.

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    The sulfa moiety could prevent bacterial folate absorption and subsequent DNA synthesis, whereas the silver that is released from SSD binds and disrupts the DNA structure, precluding bacterial DNA replication [4–6]. However, due to the intrinsic hydrophobic moiety and large size, the antibacterial performance of SSD is commonly discounted by its poor aqueous solubility [7,8]. In recent decades, nanotechnology has been used to enhance the solubility or dispersion of nanoparticles in media [9,10].

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