Growth Dominance of the Metastatic Cancer Cell: Cellular and Molecular Aspects

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This chapter summarizes the evidence for the growth-dominant nature of the metastatic cancer cell focusing on how it contributes to the overgrowth of primary tumors, and to the metastatic tumor growth in distant organs. The phorbol ester 12-O-tetradecanoyl-phorbol-13-acetate (TPA) is required for the growth of newborn or adult melanocytes or for melanocytes from dysplastic nevi. The growth factor requirements of primary melanonias tested are more stringent than for melanoma cell lines established from metastases, and thus the acquisition of independence from mitogenic growth factors is a late event in melanoma progression. Subsequent investigations discussed in the chapter revealed evidence that normal or abnormal preneoplastic melanocytes or primary melanomas depend on specific factors, such as, basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) whereas metastatic melanoma cells do not. The normal melanocytes and melanocytes from common acquired and congenital nevi are found to have very similar growth requirements.

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