Lingual cortical mandibular defects: A radiographic incidence study

doi:10.1016/0030-4220(80)90386-2

Oral Surgery, Oral Medicine, Oral Pathology

Volume 50, Issue 3, September 1980, Pages 287-291

Oral Surgery, Oral M...

https://doi.org/10.1016/0030-4220(80)90386-2 Get rights and content

Abstract

Two thousand six hundred ninety-three oral panoramic radiographs were reviewed, and thirteen (0.48 percent) displayed changes characteristic of lingual cortical defects of the mandible. The abnormalities were almost equally distributed on the right and left sides, and none occurred bilaterally. All of the patients with the defects were adult males, and none of the areas was symptomatic. In one patient the defect was determined to have been present for 7 years with no discernible radiographic change.

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Cited by (56)

The prevalence of Stafne bone cavity: A meta-analysis of 355,890 individuals
2023, Journal of Dental Sciences
Citation Excerpt :
It was shown that methodology characterization was the most problematic domain due to the fact that more than two-thirds of studies did not specify the specialty of the individuals performing the study or indicate the measures taken to eliminate inter- or intra-observer variability. A total of 54 studies from 51 publications were included in this study (Table 1).2,4–6,17–62 The fifty-four studies involved a total of 355,890 individuals, of whom 231,391 (65.0%) were Asian, 45,394 (12.8%) were European, 25,333 (7.1%) were North American, 48,406 (13.6%) were South American and 5366 (1.5%) were of multiple origins.
A Stafne bone cavity (SBC) is an incidental depression in the lingual surface of the mandible. The aim of this study is to provide pooled estimates of the frequency of Stafne bone cavity and to correlate its presence with such variables as sex, laterality, diagnostic methods and population.
Potential studies were searched through four electronic databases: Google Scholar, PubMed, Scopus, and Journal Storage. Titles, abstracts, and full texts of the articles were screened.
A total of 54 studies relating to 355,890 subjects met the inclusion criteria for meta-analysis. A meta-analysis using the DerSimonian-Laird model revealed an overall prevalence of 0.17% (CI:0.14%–0.21%, I² = 80.7%). SBC was four times more common in males than females (z = 6.94, P < 0.01), and was unilateral in almost all cases (z = 12.90, P < 0.01). Radiographic studies yielded a lower SBC prevalence at 0.12% (CI:0.09%–0.15%, I² = 71.7%) than computed tomography studies, skeletal studies and excavation studies. Ancient populations had three times higher SBC prevalences (0.47%, CI:0.21%–0.73%, I² = 89.5%) than the average populations today (z = 3.21, P < 0.01).
The prevalence of Stafne bone cavity is approximately 0.17%, and was four times more prevalent in males than females. This variant bone cavity was also present unilaterally in the majority of cases. Awareness of SBC is important for dentists, maxillofacial surgeons and other practitioners performing routine dental practices and interpreting panoramic radiographs.
A rare presentation of stafne bone cyst
2020, Journal of Stomatology, Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery
Stafne bone cysts (SBC) are defined as pseudocysts of the jaw in the literature. These lesions are typically localized at lingual cortical surface of the mandible and generally included normal salivary gland tissue; but they do not contain an epithelial lining. They may contain fat, muscle, connective tissue, lymphatic tissue, nerve bundles, blood vessels or air. In the literature, unlike posterior variant of SBC, anterior type of SBC (aSBC) is almost seven times less common (0.009%–0.3%). Usually, SCBs are identified at dental examination randomly. Since these lesions are mostly asymptomatic, some additional imagining modalities such as magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), computed tomography (CT) or sialography may be useful to confirm the diagnosis for atypical lesions. The aim of this report is to present a new case of aSBC and focuses on differential diagnosis along with alternative diagnostic imaging resources and review current literature.
Incidence and frequency of nondental incidental findings on cone-beam computed tomography
2016, Journal of Cranio-Maxillofacial Surgery
Citation Excerpt :
In this study, no SBC was found; one reason may be the low prevalence of the finding, which ranges between 0.08% and 0.4% (Allareddy et al., 2012; Assaf et al., 2014; Correll et al., 1980; Price et al., 2012). Additionally, a reason may be that the finding appears more often in male patients and at a mean age of 45–60 years (Allareddy et al., 2012; Correll et al., 1980; Murdoch-Kinch, 2009; Schneider et al., 2014a; Shimizu et al., 2006). One study reported that no changes occurred in adults after several years of follow-up (Philipsen et al., 2002), whereas another study indicated that an SBC may expand until it reaches a mature stage in younger patients (Hansson, 1980).
The purpose of the present study was to determine the frequency of relevant nondental related incidental findings in cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) of the head and neck.
Nine hundred ninety-nine images were retrospectively reviewed for incidental findings. Those were defined as carotid artery calcification (CAC), paranasal sinus findings (PSF), sialolithiasis of the parotid gland (SP) or submandibular gland (SSub), calcification of the ligamentum stylohyoideum (CLS), and Stafne bone cavity (SBC). All datasets obtained between 2010 and 2014 at a university-based school of dental medicine in Switzerland were reviewed. Demographic data such as age and sex were also recorded.
A total of 350 incidental findings within the 999 CBCT scans were identified. The most frequent finding was PSF (27.8%), followed by CLS (11.6%), CAC (5.3%), and SSub (0.8%). No SP or SBC was found. Incidental findings were most frequent between 61 and 70 years of age. Males had a higher prevalence in CAC, PSF, and SSub than females.
These results underscore the need for a complete examination of every CBCT image beyond the region of interest.
Stafne bone cavities: Systematic algorithm for diagnosis derived from retrospective data over a 5-year period
2014, British Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery
Citation Excerpt :
Men aged 50–70 are most commonly affected. Studies in cadavers have shown that the prevalence can be as high as 6.1%.2,4,9 They have been found in the anterior region of the mandible,5,11 and rarely bilaterally.13
Stafne bone cavities are usually found in men 50–70 years old. Typically they appear as lingual, open, ovoid lesions of the molar region of the lower jaw, and most contain parts of the submandibular gland. We have retrospectively examined panoramic radiographs acquired over a 5-year period. All lesions suspected of being Stafne bone cavities were included and analysed further to retrieve statistical information and derive a systematic diagnostic algorithm. We identified 21 Stafne bone cavities among 2928 patients (0.7%). Four of these were confirmed on cone-beam computed tomography (CT). One patient had magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to confirm the diagnosis. The M:F ratio was 14:7 and the mean age 53 years (range 22–82). All cavities were located in the posterior mandible, 9 on the right and 12 on the left. The mean length was 10.9 (range 4.5–23) mm and height 5.7 (range 3.3–17.3) mm. All cavities were located in the posterior mandible. Sixteen panoramic radiographs (0.6%) were classified as possibly having a Stafne bone cavity but did not fulfil enough criteria to confirm the diagnosis. These 16 were not further analysed. It is rare to diagnose a Stafne bone cavity on a panoramic radiograph. Thorough investigation is essential to exclude differential diagnoses such as keratocystic odontogenic tumour, ameloblastoma, or a metastasis.
In atypical presentations 3-dimensional cone-beam CT is helpful to verify the lingual opening. If the diagnosis is still not clear, it can be confirmed by MRI.
Radiolucency of the mandibular angle: Stafne bone cavity Case series
2011, Dental Cadmos
Descrivere due casi clinici di lacuna di Stafne, ponendo l’attenzione, oltre che sulla patogenesi di tale lesione, anche sulle indagini strumentali per giungere a diagnosi differenziale e terapia corrette.
Nei due casi presentati, vista l’anamnesi patologica negativa e le caratteristiche della lesione, gli autori sono stati concordi nel porre diagnosi presuntiva di lacuna di Stafne. La lacuna di Stafne è una lesione rara, benigna, asintomatica, difficilmente evidenziabile all’esame clinico obiettivo. La patogenesi non è ancora completamente chiara; all’esame radiografico essa si presenta come una lesione uniloculare, radiotrasparente, ben definita, localizzata nella regione tra il primo molare e l’angolo della mandibola al di sotto del canale alveolare inferiore. La diagnosi si prospetta relativamente semplice quando la lacuna si presenta nella sua forma più frequente e caratteristica, mentre nei casi dubbi è importante effettuare ulteriori approfondimenti diagnostici per confermare la diagnosi presuntiva.
La lacuna di Stafne non richiede alcun trattamento; è indicato effettuare un periodico follow-up radiografico in modo da escludere modificazioni, cambiamenti nell’aspetto della lesione o degenerazioni di varia natura.
To describe two Stafne bone cavity cases, focusing on instrumental investigations besides pathogenesis, in order to reach correct differential diagnosis and therapy.
In the two presented cases, having acknowledged negative pathological anamnesis and characteristics of lesion, the Authors agreed in formulating a presumptive diagnosis of Stafne bone cavity. Stafne bone cavity is a rare, benign, asymptomatic, hardly noticeable lesion in conducting clinical examination. Pathogenesis is not completely evident yet, and in radiographic examination it displays as a unilocular radio-transparent and well-defined lesion, localized in between the bone adjacent to the first molar and the mandibular angle, underneath the inferior alveolar canal. Diagnosis gets simple as bone cavity shows up in the more frequent and common form, whereas in case of doubt it is important an ulterior diagnostic deepening in order to confirm the presumptive diagnosis.
Stafne bone cavity does not require any treament, periodic radiographic follow-up is suggested in order to monitor any modifcation or change in the aspect of lesion, and to avoid eventual degenerations.
Late Mandibular Fracture After Lower Third Molar Extraction in a Patient With Stafne Bone Cavity: A Case Report
2010, Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery
Citation Excerpt :
The definitive diagnosis relies on biopsy which is not always necessary. Computed tomography,8,13,14 magnetic resonance imaging, and sialography of the submandibular gland9 can provide sufficient information to make a diagnosis, and the treatment is basically conservative observation.12 The characteristics of our patient are similar to those in other reports of both rare conditions.

View all citing articles on Scopus

^☆: This study was supported by the Veterans Administration Exchange of Medical Information Program.

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Lingual cortical mandibular defects: A radiographic incidence study☆

Abstract

J. Am. Dent. Assoc

Oral Surg

Int. J. Oral Surg

Oral Surg

Oral Surg

Oral Surg

Oral Surg

Oral Surg

Int. J. Oral Surg

Oral Surg

Oral Surg

Br, J. Oral Surg