Skip to main content

Advertisement

Log in

Laparoscopic splenectomy: the clinical practice guidelines of the European Association for Endoscopic Surgery (EAES)

  • Consensus Statement
  • Published:
Surgical Endoscopy Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Background

Although laparoscopic splenectomy (LS) has become the standard approach for most splenectomy cases, some areas still remain controversial. To date, the indications that preclude laparoscopic splenectomy are not clearly defined. In view of this, the European Association for Endoscopic Surgery (EAES) has developed clinical practice guidelines for LS.

Methods

An international expert panel was invited to appraise the current literature and to develop evidence-based recommendations. A consensus development conference using a nominal group process convened in May 2007. Its recommendations were presented at the annual EAES congress in Athens, Greece, on 5 July 2007 for discussion and further input. After a further Delphi process between the experts, the final recommendations were agreed upon.

Results

Laparoscopic splenectomy is indicated for most benign and malignant hematologic diseases independently of the patient’s age and body weight. Preoperative investigation is recommended for obtaining information on spleen size and volume as well as the presence of accessory splenic tissue. Preoperative vaccination against meningococcal, pneumococcal, and Haemophilus influenzae type B infections is recommended in elective cases. Perioperative anticoagulant prophylaxis with subcutaneous heparin should be administered to all patients and prolonged anticoagulant prophylaxis to high-risk patients. The choice of approach (supine [anterior], semilateral or lateral) is left to the surgeon’s preference and concomitant conditions. In cases of massive splenomegaly, the hand-assisted technique should be considered to avoid conversion to open surgery and to reduce complication rates. The expert panel still considered portal hypertension and major medical comorbidities as contraindications to LS.

Conclusion

Despite a lack of level 1 evidence, LS is a safe and advantageous procedure in experienced hands that has displaced open surgery for almost all indications. To support the clinical evidence, further randomized controlled trials on different issues are mandatory.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Gadenstatter M, Lamprecht B, Klingler A, Wetscher GJ, Greil R, Schmid T (2002) Splenectomy versus medical treatment for idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura. Am J Surg 184:606–610

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  2. Kojouri K, Vesely SK, Terrell DR, George JN (2004) Splenectomy for adult patients with idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura: a systematic review to assess long-term platelet count responses, prediction of response, and surgical complications. Blood 104:2623–2634

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  3. Baccarani U, Terrosu G, Donini A, Zaja F, Bresadola F, Baccarani M (1999) Splenectomy in hematology: current practice and new perspectives. Haematologica 84:431–436

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  4. Delaitre B, Maignien B (1991) Splenectomy by the laparoscopic approach: report of a case. Presse Med 20:2263

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  5. Sauerland S, Agresta F, Bergamaschi R, Borzellino G, Budzynski A, Champault G, Fingerhut A, Isla A, Johansson M, Lundorff P, Navez B, Saad S, Neugebauer EA (2006) Laparoscopy for abdominal emergencies: evidence-based guidelines of the European Association for Endoscopic Surgery. Surg Endosc 20:14–29

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  6. Konstadoulakis MM, Lagoudianakis E, Antonakis PT, Albanopoulos K, Gomatos I, Stamou KM, Leandros E, Manouras A (2006) Laparoscopic versus open splenectomy in patients with beta thalassemia major. J Laparoendosc Adv Surg Tech A 16:5–8

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  7. Donini A, Baccarani U, Terrosu G, Corno V, Ermacora A, Pasqualucci A, Bresadola F (1999) Laparoscopic vs open splenectomy in the management of hematologic diseases. Surg Endosc 13:1220–1225

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  8. Lozano-Salazar RR, Herrera MF, Vargas-Vorackova F, Lopez-Karpovitch X (1998) Laparoscopic versus open splenectomy for immune thrombocytopenic purpura. Am J Surg 176:366–369

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  9. Casaccia M, Torelli P, Squarcia S, Sormani MP, Savelli A, Troilo B, Santori G, Valente U (2006) Laparoscopic splenectomy for hematologic diseases: a preliminary analysis performed on the Italian Registry of Laparoscopic Surgery of the Spleen (IRLSS). Surg Endosc 20:1214–1220

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  10. Sampath S, Meneghetti AT, MacFarlane JK, Nguyen NH, Benny WB, Panton ON (2007) An 18-year review of open and laparoscopic splenectomy for idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura. Am J Surg 193:580–584

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  11. Berends FJ, Schep N, Cuesta MA, Bonjer HJ, Kappers-Klunne MC, Huijgens P, Kazemier G (2004) Hematological long-term results of laparoscopic splenectomy for patients with idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura: a case-control study. Surg Endosc 18:766–770

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  12. Tanoue K, Okita K, Akahoshi T, Konishi K, Gotoh N, Tsutsumi N, Tomikawa M, Hashizume M (2002) Laparoscopic splenectomy for hematologic diseases. Surgery 131:S318–S323

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  13. Phillips EH, Carroll BJ, Fallas MJ (1994) Laparoscopic splenectomy. Surg Endosc 8:931–933

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  14. Cordera F, Long KH, Nagorney DM, McMurtry EK, Schleck C, Ilstrup D, Donohue JH (2003) Open versus laparoscopic splenectomy for idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura: clinical and economic analysis. Surgery 134:45–52

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  15. Trias M, Targarona EM, Espert JJ, Cerdan G, Bombuy E, Vidal O, Artigas V (2000) Impact of hematological diagnosis on early and late outcome after laparoscopic splenectomy: an analysis of 111 cases. Surg Endosc 14:556–560

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  16. Velanovich V (2000) Laparoscopic vs open surgery: a preliminary comparison of quality-of-life outcomes. Surg Endosc 14:16–21

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  17. Rattner DW, Apelgren KN, Eubanks WS (2001) The need for training opportunities in advanced laparoscopic surgery. Surg Endosc 15:1066–1070

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  18. Peters MB Jr, Camacho D, Ojeda H, Reichenbach DJ, Knauer EM, Yahanda AM, Cooper SE, Sweeney JF (2004) Defining the learning curve for laparoscopic splenectomy for immune thrombocytopenia purpura. Am J Surg 188:522–525

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  19. Franciosi C, Caprotti R, Romano F, Porta G, Real G, Colombo G, Uggeri F (2000) Laparoscopic versus open splenectomy: a comparative study. Surg Laparosc Endosc Percutan Tech 10:291–295

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  20. Delaitre B, Blezel E, Samama G, Barrat C, Gossot D, Bresler L, Meyer C, Heyd B, Collet D, Champault G (2002) Laparoscopic splenectomy for idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura. Surg Laparosc Endosc Percutan Tech 12:412–419

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  21. Rege RV, Joehl RJ (1999) A learning curve for laparoscopic splenectomy at an academic institution. J Surg Res 81:27–32

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  22. Targarona EM, Espert JJ, Balague C, Piulachs J, Artigas V, Trias M (1998) Splenomegaly should not be considered a contraindication for laparoscopic splenectomy. Ann Surg 228:35–39

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  23. Pace DE, Chiasson PM, Schlachta CM, Mamazza J, Poulin EC (2002) Laparoscopic splenectomy: does the training of minimally invasive surgical fellows affect outcomes? Surg Endosc 16:954–956

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  24. Dagash H, Chowdhury M, Pierro A (2003) When can I be proficient in laparoscopic surgery? A systematic review of the evidence. J Pediatr Surg 38:720–724

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  25. Smith CD, Meyer TA, Goretsky MJ, Hyams D, Luchette FA, Fegelman EJ, Nussbaum MS (1996) Laparoscopic splenectomy by the lateral approach: a safe and effective alternative to open splenectomy for hematologic diseases. Surgery 120:789–794

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  26. Glasgow RE, Mulvihill SJ (1999) Laparoscopic splenectomy. World J Surg 23:384–388

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  27. Knauer EM, Ailawadi G, Yahanda A, Obermeyer RJ, Millie MP, Ojeda H, Mulholland MW, Colletti L, Sweeney JF (2003) 101 laparoscopic splenectomies for the treatment of benign and malignant hematologic disorders. Am J Surg 186:500–504

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  28. Walsh RM, Heniford BT, Brody F, Ponsky J (2001) The ascendance of laparoscopic splenectomy. Am Surg 67:48–53

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  29. Katkhouda N, Grant SW, Mavor E, Friedlander MH, Lord RV, Achanta K, Essani R, Mason R (2001) Predictors of response after laparoscopic splenectomy for immune thrombocytopenic purpura. Surg Endosc 15:484–488

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  30. Khan LR, Nixon SJ (2007) Laparoscopic splenectomy is a better treatment for adult ITP than steroids—it should be used earlier in patient management: conclusions of a ten-year follow-up study. Surgeon 5:3–4, 6–8

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  31. Napoli A, Catalano C, Silecchia G, Fabiano P, Fraioli F, Pediconi F, Venditti F, Basso N, Passariello R (2004) Laparoscopic splenectomy: multidetector row CT for preoperative evaluation. Radiology 232:361–367

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  32. Stanek A, Stefaniak T, Makarewicz W, Kaska L, Podgorczyk H, Hellman A, Lachinski A (2005) Accessory spleens: preoperative diagnostics limitations and operational strategy in laparoscopic approach to splenectomy in idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura patients. Langenbecks Arch Surg 390:47–51

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  33. Gigot JF, Jamar F, Ferrant A, van Beers BE, Lengele B, Pauwels S, Pringot J, Kestens PJ, Gianello P, Detry R (1998) Inadequate detection of accessory spleens and splenosis with laparoscopic splenectomy: a shortcoming of the laparoscopic approach in hematologic diseases. Surg Endosc 12:101–106

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  34. Gigot JF, Mabrut JY, Matairie S, Jamar F, Ferrant A, van Beers BE, Gianello P (2002) Failures following laparoscopic splenectomy and their management with special reference to accessory spleens and splenosis. Prob Gen Surg 19:80–94

    Google Scholar 

  35. Katkhouda N, Manhas S, Umbach TW, Kaiser AM (2001) Laparoscopic splenectomy. J Laparoendosc Adv Surg Tech A 11:383–390

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  36. Velanovich V, Shurafa M (2000) Laparoscopic excision of accessory spleen. Am J Surg 180:62–64

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  37. Barbaros U, Dinccag A, Erbil Y, Mercan S, Sanli Y, Adalet I, Kucukkaya R (2007) Handheld gamma probe used to detect accessory spleens during initial laparoscopic splenectomies. Surg Endosc 21:115–119

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  38. Heniford BT, Matthews BD, Answini GA, Walsh RM (2000) Laparoscopic splenectomy for malignant diseases. Semin Laparosc Surg 7:93–100

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  39. Boddy AP, Mahon D, Rhodes M (2006) Does open surgery continue to have a role in elective splenectomy? Surg Endosc 20:1094–1098

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  40. Schlachta CM, Poulin EC, Mamazza J (1999) Laparoscopic splenectomy for hematologic malignancies. Surg Endosc 13:865–868

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  41. Berman RS, Yahanda AM, Mansfield PF, Hemmila MR, Sweeney JF, Porter GA, Kumparatana M, Leroux B, Pollock RE, Feig BW (1999) Laparoscopic splenectomy in patients with hematologic malignancies. Am J Surg 178:530–536

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  42. Cavaliere D, Torelli P, Panaro F, Casaccia M, Ghinolfi D, Santori G, Rossi E, Bacigalupo A, Valente U (2004) Outcome of laparoscopic splenectomy for malignant hematologic diseases. Tumori 90:229–232

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  43. Yano H, Imasato M, Monden T, Okamoto S (2003) Hand-assisted laparoscopic splenectomy for splenic vascular tumors: report of two cases. Surg Laparosc Endosc Percutan Tech 13:286–289

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  44. Klinger PJ, Smith SL, Abendstein BJ, Hinder RA (1998) Hand-assisted laparoscopic splenectomy for isolated splenic metastasis from an ovarian carcinoma: a case report with review of the literature. Surg Laparosc Endosc 8:49–54

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  45. Silecchia G, Boru CE, Fantini A, Raparelli L, Greco F, Rizzello M, Pecchia A, Fabiano P, Basso N (2006) Laparoscopic splenectomy in the management of benign and malignant hematologic diseases. JSLS 10:199–205

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  46. Walsh RM, Brody F, Brown N (2004) Laparoscopic splenectomy for lymphoproliferative disease. Surg Endosc 18:272–275

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  47. Targarona EM, Espert JJ, Piulachs J, Lacy AM, Bosch F, Trias M (1999) Laparoscopic removal of accessory spleens after splenectomy for relapsing autoimmune thrombocytopenic purpura. Eur J Surg 165:1199–1200

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  48. Uranues S, Grossman D, Ludwig L, Bergamaschi R (2007) Laparoscopic partial splenectomy. Surg Endosc 21:57–60

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  49. Breitenstein S, Scholz T, Schafer M, Decurtins M, Clavien PA (2007) Laparoscopic partial splenectomy. J Am Coll Surg 204:179–181

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  50. Elsayes KM, Narra VR, Mukundan G, Lewis JS Jr., Menias CO, Heiken JP (2005) MR imaging of the spleen: spectrum of abnormalities. Radiographics 25:967–982

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  51. Soares RL Jr, Balder DA, Migliori SJ, Amaral JF (1998) Laparoscopic complete excision of a splenic epidermoid cyst. J Laparoendosc Adv Surg Tech A 8:237–240

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  52. Kaiwa Y, Kurokawa Y, Namiki K, Matsumoto H, Satomi S (2000) Laparoscopic partial splenectomies for true splenic cysts: a report of two cases. Surg Endosc 14:865

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  53. Wu JM, Lai IR, Yuan RH, Yu SC (2004) Laparoscopic splenectomy for idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura. Am J Surg 187:720–723

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  54. de Melo VA, Alves Junior A, Andrade LC, Aragao JF, Rosa JE (1995) Splenic cyst: review of the literature and report of 2 cases. Rev Hosp Clin Fac Med Sao Paulo 50:289–293

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  55. Cala Z, Cvitanovic B, Perko Z, Velnic D, Rasic Z (1996) Laparoscopic treatment of nonparasitic cysts of spleen and liver. J Laparoendosc Surg 6:387–391

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  56. Mertens J, Penninckx F, DeWever I, Topal B (2007) Long-term outcome after surgical treatment of nonparasitic splenic cysts. Surg Endosc 21:206–208

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  57. Macheras A, Misiakos EP, Liakakos T, Mpistarakis D, Fotiadis C, Karatzas G (2005) Nonparasitic splenic cysts: a report of three cases. World J Gastroenterol 11:6884–6887

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  58. Czauderna P, Vajda P, Schaarschmidt K, Kalman A, Jainsch M, Engelis A, Lewicki K, Verebely T, Koltai J, Petersons A, et al. (2006) Nonparasitic splenic cysts in children: a multicentric study. Eur J Pediatr Surg 16:415–419

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  59. Carbonell AM, Kercher KW, Matthews BD, Joels CS, Sing RF, Heniford BT (2004) Laparoscopic splenectomy for splenic abscess. Surg Laparosc Endosc Percutan Tech 14:289–291

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  60. Madoff DC, Denys A, Wallace MJ, Murthy R, Gupta S, Pillsbury EP, Ahrar K, Bessoud B, Hicks ME (2005) Splenic arterial interventions: anatomy, indications, technical considerations, and potential complications. Radiographics 25(Suppl 1):S191–S211

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  61. Berceli SA (2005) Hepatic and splenic artery aneurysms. Semin Vasc Surg 18:196–201

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  62. Hashizume M, Ohta M, Ueno K, Okadome K, Sugimachi K (1993) Laparoscopic ligation of splenic artery aneurysm. Surgery 113:352–354

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  63. Grahn SW, Alvarez J III, Kirkwood K (2006) Trends in laparoscopic splenectomy for massive splenomegaly. Arch Surg 141:755–762

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  64. Heniford BT, Park A, Walsh RM, Kercher KW, Matthews BD, Frenette G, Sing RF (2001) Laparoscopic splenectomy in patients with normal-sized spleens versus splenomegaly: does size matter? Am Surg 67:854–858

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  65. Walsh RM, Chand B, Brodsky J, Heniford BT (2003) Determination of intact splenic weight based on morcellated weight. Surg Endosc 17:1266–1268

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  66. Decker G, Millat B, Guillon F, Atger J, Linon M (1998) Laparoscopic splenectomy for benign and malignant hematologic diseases: 35 consecutive cases. World J Surg 22:62–68

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  67. Katkhouda N, Hurwitz MB, Rivera RT, Chandra M, Waldrep DJ, Gugenheim J, Mouiel J (1998) Laparoscopic splenectomy: outcome and efficacy in 103 consecutive patients. Ann Surg 228:568–578

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  68. Poulin EC, Thibault C, Mamazza J (1995) Laparoscopic splenectomy. Surg Endosc 9:172–177

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  69. Yetter EM, Acosta KB, Olson MC, Blundell K (2003) Estimating splenic volume: sonographic measurements correlated with helical CT determination. AJR Am J Roentgenol 181:1615–1620

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  70. Pugliese R, Sansonna F, Scandroglio I, Maggioni D, Ferrari GC, Di Lernia S, Costanzi A, Grillo G, Cimbanassi S, Chiara O (2006) Laparoscopic splenectomy: a retrospective review of 75 cases. Int Surg 91:82–86

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  71. Kaban GK, Czerniach DR, Cohen R, Novitsky YW, Yood SM, Perugini RA, Kelly JJ, Litwin DE (2004) Hand-assisted laparoscopic splenectomy in the setting of splenomegaly. Surg Endosc 18:1340–1343

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  72. Kercher KW, Matthews BD, Walsh RM, Sing RF, Backus CL, Heniford BT (2002) Laparoscopic splenectomy for massive splenomegaly. Am J Surg 183:192–196

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  73. Backus CL, Walsh RM, Matthews BD, Sing RF, Heniford BT (2000) Hand-assisted laparoscopic splenectomy. Surg Technol Int IX:95–100

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  74. Smith L, Luna G, Merg AR, McNevin MS, Moore MR, Bax TW (2004) Laparoscopic splenectomy for treatment of splenomegaly. Am J Surg 187:618–620

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  75. Patel AG, Parker JE, Wallwork B, Kau KB, Donaldson N, Rhodes MR, O’Rourke N, Nathanson L, Fielding G (2003) Massive splenomegaly is associated with significant morbidity after laparoscopic splenectomy. Ann Surg 238:235–240

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  76. Rosen M, Brody F, Walsh RM, Ponsky J (2002) Hand-assisted laparoscopic splenectomy vs conventional laparoscopic splenectomy in cases of splenomegaly. Arch Surg 137:1348–1352

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  77. Zacharoulis D, O’Boyle C, Royston CM, Sedman PC (2006) Splenic retrieval after laparoscopic splenectomy: a new bag. J Laparoendosc Adv Surg Tech A 16:128–132

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  78. Brodsky JA, Brody FJ, Walsh RM, Malm JA, Ponsky JL (2002) Laparoscopic splenectomy. Surg Endosc 16:851–854

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  79. Khoursheed M, Al-Sayegh F, Al-Bader I, Kanawati N, Maroof R, Asfar S, Dashti H (2004) Laparoscopic splenectomy for hematological disorders. Med Princ Pract 13:122–125

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  80. Casaccia M, Torelli P, Cavaliere D, Santori G, Panaro F, Valente U (2005) Minimal-access splenectomy: a viable alternative to laparoscopic splenectomy in massive splenomegaly. JSLS 9:411–414

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  81. Park AE, Birgisson G, Mastrangelo MJ, Marcaccio MJ, Witzke DB (2000) Laparoscopic splenectomy: outcomes and lessons learned from over 200 cases. Surgery 128:660–667

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  82. Terrosu G, Baccarani U, Bresadola V, Sistu MA, Uzzau A, Bresadola F (2002) The impact of splenic weight on laparoscopic splenectomy for splenomegaly. Surg Endosc 16:103–107

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  83. Hellman P, Arvidsson D, Rastad J (2000) HandPort-assisted laparoscopic splenectomy in massive splenomegaly. Surg Endosc 14:1177–1179

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  84. Borrazzo EC, Daly JM, Morrisey KP, Fischer E, Belmont M, Hogle NJ, Fowler DL (2003) Hand-assisted laparoscopic splenectomy for giant spleens. Surg Endosc 17:918–920

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  85. Meijer DW, Gossot D, Jakimowicz JJ, De Wit LT, Bannenberg JJ, Gouma DJ (1999) Splenectomy revised: manually assisted splenectomy with the dexterity device—a feasibility study in 22 patients. J Laparoendosc Adv Surg Tech A 9:507–510

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  86. Kusminsky RE, Boland JP, Tiley EH, Deluca JA (1995) Hand-assisted laparoscopic splenectomy. Surg Laparosc Endosc 5:463–467

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  87. Ailawadi G, Yahanda A, Dimick JB, Bedi A, Mulholland MW, Colletti L, Sweeney JF (2002) Hand-assisted laparoscopic splenectomy in patients with splenomegaly or prior upper abdominal operation. Surgery 132:689–696

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  88. Targarona EM, Gracia E, Rodriguez M, Cerdan G, Balague C, Garriga J, Trias M (2003) Hand-assisted laparoscopic surgery. Arch Surg 138:133–141

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  89. Litwin DE, Darzi A, Jakimowicz J, Kelly JJ, Arvidsson D, Hansen P, Callery MP, Denis R, Fowler DL, Medich DS, et al. (2000) Hand-assisted laparoscopic surgery (HALS) with the HandPort system: initial experience with 68 patients. Ann Surg 231:715–723

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  90. Wang KX, Hu SY, Zhang GY, Chen B, Zhang HF (2007) Hand-assisted laparoscopic splenectomy for splenomegaly: a comparative study with conventional laparoscopic splenectomy. Chin Med J (Engl) 120:41–45

    Google Scholar 

  91. Targarona EM, Balague C, Cerdan G, Espert JJ, Lacy AM, Visa J, Trias M (2002) Hand-assisted laparoscopic splenectomy (HALS) in cases of splenomegaly: a comparison analysis with conventional laparoscopic splenectomy. Surg Endosc 16:426–430

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  92. Maartense S, Bemelman WA, Gerritsen van der Hoop A, Meijer DW, Gouma DJ (2004) Hand-assisted laparoscopic surgery (HALS): a report of 150 procedures. Surg Endosc 18:397–401

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  93. Tojimbara T, Nakajima I, Kimikawa M, Sato S, Kawase T, Nanmoku K, Kai K, Kato Y, Tsuda S, Fuchinoue S, et al. (2003) Hand-assisted laparoscopic splenectomy in ABO-incompatible kidney transplant recipients: a single skin incision technique. Transplant Proc 35:321–322

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  94. Ohta M, Nishizaki T, Matsumoto T, Shimabukuro R, Sasaki A, Shibata K, Matsusaka T, Kitano S (2005) Analysis of risk factors for massive intraoperative bleeding during laparoscopic splenectomy. J Hepatobiliary Pancreat Surg 12:433–437

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  95. Cobb WS, Heniford BT, Burns JM, Carbonell AM, Matthews BD, Kercher KW (2005) Cirrhosis is not a contraindication to laparoscopic surgery. Surg Endosc 19:418–423

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  96. Hashizume M, Tomikawa M, Akahoshi T, Tanoue K, Gotoh N, Konishi K, Okita K, Tsutsumi N, Shimabukuro R, Yamaguchi S, et al. (2002) Laparoscopic splenectomy for portal hypertension. Hepatogastroenterology 49:847–852

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  97. Weiss CA III, Kavic SM, Adrales GL, Park AE (2005) Laparoscopic splenectomy: what barriers remain? Surg Innov 12:23–29

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  98. Dominguez EP, Choi YU, Scott BG, Yahanda AM, Graviss EA, Sweeney JF (2007) Impact of morbid obesity on outcome of laparoscopic splenectomy. Surg Endosc 21:422–426

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  99. Kavic SM, Segan RD, Park AE (2005) Laparoscopic splenectomy in the elderly: a morbid procedure? Surg Endosc 19:1561–1564

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  100. Curet MJ, Allen D, Josloff RK, Pitcher DE, Curet LB, Miscall BG, Zucker KA (1996) Laparoscopy during pregnancy. Arch Surg 131:546–551

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  101. Holthausen UH, Mettler L, Troidl H (1999) Pregnancy: a contraindication? World J Surg 23:856–862

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  102. Allran CF Jr, Weiss CA III, Park AE (2002) Urgent laparoscopic splenectomy in a morbidly obese pregnant woman: case report and literature review. J Laparoendosc Adv Surg Tech A 12:445–447

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  103. Keidar A, Sagi B, Szold A (2003) Laparoscopic splenectomy for immune thrombocytopenic purpura in patients with severe refractory thrombocytopenia. Pathophysiol Haemost Thromb 33:116–119

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  104. Kuriansky J, Ben Chaim M, Rosin D, Haik J, Zmora O, Saavedra P, Shabtai M, Ayalon A (1998) Posterolateral approach: an alternative strategy in laparoscopic splenectomy. Surg Endosc 12:898–900

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  105. Tan M, Zheng CX, Wu ZM, Chen GT, Chen LH, Zhao ZX (2003) Laparoscopic splenectomy: the latest technical evaluation. World J Gastroenterol 9:1086–1089

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  106. Bisharat N, Omari H, Lavi I, Raz R (2001) Risk of infection and death among postsplenectomy patients. J Infect 43:182–186

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  107. Legrand A, Bignon A, Borel M, Zerbib P, Langlois J, Chambon JP, Lebuffe G, Vallet B (2005) Perioperative management of asplenic patients. Ann Fr Anesth Reanim 24:807–813

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  108. (1996) Guidelines for the prevention and treatment of infection in patients with an absent or dysfunctional spleen. Working Party of the British Committee for Standards in Haematology Clinical Haematology Task Force. BMJ 312:430–434

  109. Poulin E, Thibault C, Mamazza J, Girotti M, Cote G, Renaud A (1993) Laparoscopic splenectomy: clinical experience and the role of preoperative splenic artery embolization. Surg Laparosc Endosc 3:445–450

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  110. Poulin EC, Mamazza J, Schlachta CM (1998) Splenic artery embolization before laparoscopic splenectomy: an update. Surg Endosc 12:870–875

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  111. Iwase K, Higaki J, Mikata S, Tanaka Y, Yoshikawa M, Hori S, Osuga K, Kosugi S, Tamaki T, Kamiike W (1999) Laparoscopically assisted splenectomy following preoperative splenic artery embolization using contour emboli for myelofibrosis with massive splenomegaly. Surg Laparosc Endosc Percutan Tech 9:197–202

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  112. Totte E, Van Hee R, Kloeck I, Hendrickx L, Zachee P, Bracke P, Hermans P (1998) Laparoscopic splenectomy after arterial embolisation. Hepatogastroenterology 45:773–776

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  113. Naoum JJ, Silberfein EJ, Zhou W, Sweeney JF, Albo D, Brunicardi FC, Kougias P, El Sayed HF, Lin PH (2007) Concomitant intraoperative splenic artery embolization and laparoscopic splenectomy versus laparoscopic splenectomy: comparison of treatment outcome. Am J Surg 193:713–718

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  114. Trias M, Targarona EM, Balague C (1996) Laparoscopic splenectomy: an evolving technique: a comparison between anterior and lateral approaches. Surg Endosc 10:389–392

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  115. Trias M, Targarona EM, Moral A, Prados M (1994) Laparoscopic splenectomy: technical aspects and preliminary results. Endosc Surg Allied Technol 2:288–292

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  116. Delaitre B, Bonnichon P, Barthes T, Dousset B (1995) Laparoscopic splenectomy: the “hanging spleen technique” in a series of nineteen cases. Ann Chir 49:471–476

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  117. Dexter SP, Martin IG, Alao D, Norfolk DR, McMahon MJ (1996) Laparoscopic splenectomy: the suspended pedicle technique. Surg Endosc 10:393–396

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  118. Bedirli A, Sozuer EM, Saglam A, Sakrak O, Guler I, Kucuk C, Aritas Y (2003) Grasper-assisted versus traditional laparoscopic splenectomy in the management of hematologic disorders. J Laparoendosc Adv Surg Tech A 13:359–363

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  119. Park A, Gagner M, Pomp A (1997) The lateral approach to laparoscopic splenectomy. Am J Surg 173:126–130

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  120. Gossot D (1998) Laparoscopic splenectomy: value of the posterior approach. Ann Chir 52:940–945

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  121. Szold A, Sagi B, Merhav H, Klausner JM (1998) Optimizing laparoscopic splenectomy: technical details and experience in 59 patients. Surg Endosc 12:1078–1081

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  122. Nageli J, Lange J (1997) Indications, technique, and outcome of laparoscopic splenectomy. Ther Umsch 54:510–514

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  123. Miles WF, Greig JD, Wilson RG, Nixon SJ (1996) Technique of laparoscopic splenectomy with a powered vascular linear stapler. Br J Surg 83:1212–1214

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  124. Yüney E, Hobek A, Keskin M, Yilmaz O, Kamali S, Oktay C, Bender O (2005) Laparoscopic splenectomy and LigaSure. Surg Laparosc Endosc Percutan Tech 15:212–215

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  125. Rothenberg SS (1996) Laparoscopic splenectomy using the harmonic scalpel. J Laparoendosc Surg 6(Suppl 1):S61–63

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  126. Targarona EM, Espert JJ, Cerdan G, Balague C, Piulachs J, Sugranes G, Artigas V, Trias M (1999) Effect of spleen size on splenectomy outcome: a comparison of open and laparoscopic surgery. Surg Endosc 13:559–562

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  127. Schaarschmidt K, Kolberg-Schwerdt A, Lempe M, Saxena A (2002) Ultrasonic shear coagulation of main hilar vessels: a 4-year experience of 23 pediatric laparoscopic splenectomies without staples. J Pediatr Surg 37:614–616

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  128. Romano F, Caprotti R, Franciosi C, De Fina S, Colombo G, Uggeri F (2002) Laparoscopic splenectomy using Ligasure: preliminary experience. Surg Endosc 16:1608–1611

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  129. Romano F, Caprotti R, Franciosi C, De Fina S, Colombo G, Sartori P, Uggeri F (2003) The use of LigaSure during pediatric laparoscopic splenectomy: a preliminary report. Pediatr Surg Int 19:721–724

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  130. Gelmini R, Romano F, Quaranta N, Caprotti R, Tazzioli G, Colombo G, Saviano M, Uggeri F (2006) Sutureless and stapleless laparoscopic splenectomy using radiofrequency: LigaSure device. Surg Endosc 20:991–994

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  131. Targarona EM, Balague C, Marin J, Neto RB, Martinez C, Garriga J, Trias M (2005) Energy sources for laparoscopic colectomy: a prospective randomized comparison of conventional electrosurgery, bipolar computer-controlled electrosurgery, and ultrasonic dissection: operative outcome and costs analysis. Surg Innov 12:339–344

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  132. Harold KL, Pollinger H, Matthews BD, Kercher KW, Sing RF, Heniford BT (2003) Comparison of ultrasonic energy, bipolar thermal energy, and vascular clips for the hemostasis of small-, medium-, and large-sized arteries. Surg Endosc 17:1228–1230

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  133. Diamantis T, Kontos M, Arvelakis A, Syroukis S, Koronarchis D, Papalois A, Agapitos E, Bastounis E, Lazaris AC (2006) Comparison of monopolar electrocoagulation, bipolar electrocoagulation, Ultracision, and Ligasure. Surg Today 36:908–913

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  134. Lai PB, Leung KL, Ho WS, Yiu RY, Leung BC, Lau WY (2000) The use of liposucker for spleen retrieval after laparoscopic splenectomy. Surg Laparosc Endosc Percutan Tech 10:39–40

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  135. Seelig MH, Senninger N, Kocher T (2004) Laparoscopic splenectomy: first experiences with a 3-trocar-technique and the “hanging-spleen-maneuver”. Zentralbl Chir 129:387–390

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  136. Chand B, Walsh RM, Ponsky J, Brody F (2001) Pancreatic complications following laparoscopic splenectomy. Surg Endosc 15:1273–1276

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  137. Pomp A, Gagner M, Salky B, Caraccio A, Nahouraii R, Reiner M, Herron D (2005) Laparoscopic splenectomy: a selected retrospective review. Surg Laparosc Endosc Percutan Tech 15:139–143

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  138. Rosin D, Brasesco O, Rosenthal RJ (2001) Laparoscopic splenectomy: new techniques and indications. Chirurg 72:368–377

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  139. Svensson M, Wiren M, Kimby E, Hagglund H (2006) Portal vein thrombosis is a common complication following splenectomy in patients with malignant haematological diseases. Eur J Haematol 77:203–209

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  140. Pietrabissa A, Moretto C, Antonelli G, Morelli L, Marciano E, Mosca F (2004) Thrombosis in the portal venous system after elective laparoscopic splenectomy. Surg Endosc 18:1140–1143

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  141. Rattner DW, Ellman L, Warshaw AL (1993) Portal vein thrombosis after elective splenectomy: an underappreciated, potentially lethal syndrome. Arch Surg 128:565–570

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  142. Harris W, Marcaccio M (2005) Incidence of portal vein thrombosis after laparoscopic splenectomy. Can J Surg 48:352–354

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  143. Romano F, Caprotti R, Conti M, Piacentini MG, Uggeri F, Motta V, Pogliani EM (2006) Thrombosis of the splenoportal axis after splenectomy. Langenbecks Arch Surg 391:483–488

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  144. Winslow ER, Brunt LM (2003) Perioperative outcomes of laparoscopic versus open splenectomy: a meta-analysis with an emphasis on complications. Surgery 134:647–655

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  145. Winslow ER, Brunt LM, Drebin JA, Soper NJ, Klingensmith ME (2002) Portal vein thrombosis after splenectomy. Am J Surg 184:631–636

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  146. Ikeda M, Sekimoto M, Takiguchi S, Kubota M, Ikenaga M, Yamamoto H, Fujiwara Y, Ohue M, Yasuda T, Imamura H, et al. (2005) High incidence of thrombosis of the portal venous system after laparoscopic splenectomy: a prospective study with contrast-enhanced CT scan. Ann Surg 241:208–216

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  147. Ikeda M, Sekimoto M, Takiguchi S, Yasui M, Danno K, Fujie Y, Kitani K, Seki Y, Hata T, Shingai T, et al. (2007) Total splenic vein thrombosis after laparoscopic splenectomy: a possible candidate for treatment. Am J Surg 193:21–25

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  148. Fujita F, Lyass S, Otsuka K, Giordano L, Rosenbaum DL, Khalili TM, Phillips EH (2003) Portal vein thrombosis following splenectomy: identification of risk factors. Am Surg 69:951–956

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  149. van’t Riet M, Burger JW, van Muiswinkel JM, Kazemier G, Schipperus MR, Bonjer HJ (2000) Diagnosis and treatment of portal vein thrombosis following splenectomy. Br J Surg 87:1229–1233

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  150. Petit P, Bret PM, Atri M, Hreno A, Casola G, Gianfelice D (1994) Splenic vein thrombosis after splenectomy: frequency and role of imaging. Radiology 190:65–68

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  151. Loring LA, Panicek DM, Karpeh MS (1998) Portal system thrombosis after splenectomy for neoplasm or chronic hematologic disorder: is routine surveillance imaging necessary? J Comput Assist Tomogr 22:856–860

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  152. Chaffanjon PC, Brichon PY, Ranchoup Y, Gressin R, Sotto JJ (1998) Portal vein thrombosis following splenectomy for hematologic disease: prospective study with Doppler color flow imaging. World J Surg 22:1082–1086

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  153. Watson DI, Coventry BJ, Chin T, Gill PG, Malycha P (1997) Laparoscopic versus open splenectomy for immune thrombocytopenic purpura. Surgery 121:18–22

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  154. Ojima H, Kato T, Araki K, Okamura K, Manda R, Hirayama I, Hosouchi Y, Nishida Y, Kuwano H (2006) Factors predicting long-term responses to splenectomy in patients with idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura. World J Surg 30:553–559

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  155. Friedman RL, Fallas MJ, Carroll BJ, Hiatt JR, Phillips EH (1996) Laparoscopic splenectomy for ITP: the gold standard. Surg Endosc 10:991–995

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  156. Marassi A, Vignali A, Zuliani W, Biguzzi E, Bergamo C, Gianotti L, Di Carlo V (1999) Splenectomy for idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura: comparison of laparoscopic and conventional surgery. Surg Endosc 13:17–20

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  157. Tsereteli Z, Smith CD, Branum GD, Galloway JR, Amerson RJ, Chakaraborty H, Hunter JG (2001) Are the favorable outcomes of splenectomy predictable inpatients with idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP)? Surg Endosc 15:1386–1389

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  158. Pace DE, Chiasson PM, Schlachta CM, Mamazza J, Poulin EC (2003) Laparoscopic splenectomy for idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP). Surg Endosc 17:95–98

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  159. Winde G, Schmid KW, Lugering N, Fischer R, Brandt B, Berns T, Bunte H (1996) Results and prognostic factors of splenectomy in idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura. J Am Coll Surg 183:565–574

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  160. Harold KL, Schlinkert RT, Mann DK, Reeder CB, Noel P, Fitch TR, Braich TA, Camoriano JK (1999) Long-term results of laparoscopic splenectomy for immune thrombocytopenic purpura. Mayo Clin Proc 74:37–39

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  161. Bresler L, Guerci A, Brunaud L, Ayav A, Sebbag H, Tortuyaux JM, Lederlin P, Boissel P (2002) Laparoscopic splenectomy for idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura: outcome and long-term results. World J Surg 26:111–114

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  162. Balague C, Targarona EM, Cerdan G, Novell J, Montero O, Bendahan G, Garcia A, Pey A, Vela S, Diaz M, et al. (2004) Long-term outcome after laparoscopic splenectomy related to hematologic diagnosis. Surg Endosc 18:1283–1287

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  163. Balague C, Vela S, Targarona EM, Gich IJ, Muniz E, D’Ambra A, Pey A, Monllau V, Ascaso E, Martinez C, et al. (2006) Predictive factors for successful laparoscopic splenectomy in immune thrombocytopenic purpura: study of clinical and laboratory data. Surg Endosc 20:1208–1213

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  164. Kwon HC, Moon CH, Cho YR, Kim MC, Kim KH, Han JY, Lee YH, Oh SY, Kim SH, Kim JS, et al. (2005) Prognostic factors of response to laparoscopic splenectomy in patients with idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura. J Korean Med Sci 20:417–420

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  165. Qureshi FG, Ergun O, Sandulache VC, Nadler EP, Ford HR, Hackam DJ, Kane TD (2005) Laparoscopic splenectomy in children. JSLS 9:389–392

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  166. Park A, Heniford BT, Hebra A, Fitzgerald P (2000) Pediatric laparoscopic splenectomy. Surg Endosc 14:527–531

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  167. Minkes RK, Lagzdins M, Langer JC (2000) Laparoscopic versus open splenectomy in children. J Pediatr Surg 35:699–701

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  168. Rescorla FJ, Breitfeld PP, West KW, Williams D, Engum SA, Grosfeld JL (1998) A case controlled comparison of open and laparoscopic splenectomy in children. Surgery 124:670–676

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  169. Farah RA, Rogers ZR, Thompson WR, Hicks BA, Guzzetta PC, Buchanan GR (1997) Comparison of laparoscopic and open splenectomy in children with hematologic disorders. J Pediatr 131:41–46

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  170. Hicks BA, Thompson WR, Rogers ZR, Guzzetta PC (1996) Laparoscopic splenectomy in childhood hematologic disorders. J Laparoendosc Surg 6(Suppl 1):S31–S34

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  171. Janu PG, Rogers DA, Lobe TE (1996) A comparison of laparoscopic and traditional open splenectomy in childhood. J Pediatr Surg 31:109–114

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  172. Yoshida K, Yamazaki Y, Mizuno R, Yamadera H, Hara A, Yoshizawa J, Kanai M (1995) Laparoscopic splenectomy in children: preliminary results and comparison with the open technique. Surg Endosc 9:1279–1282

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  173. Cusick RA, Waldhausen JH (2001) The learning curve associated with pediatric laparoscopic splenectomy. Am J Surg 181:393–397

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  174. Mattioli G, Pini Prato A, Cheli M, Esposito C, Garzi A, LiVoti G, Mastroianni L, Porreca A, Riccipetitoni G, Scalisi F, et al. (2007) Italian multicentric survey on laparoscopic spleen surgery in the pediatric population. Surg Endosc 21:527–531

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  175. Danielson PD, Shaul DB, Phillips JD, Stein JE, Anderson KD (2000) Technical advances in pediatric laparoscopy have had a beneficial impact on splenectomy. J Pediatr Surg 35:1578–1581

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  176. Rescorla FJ, Engum SA, West KW, Tres Scherer LR III, Rouse TM, Grosfeld JL (2002) Laparoscopic splenectomy has become the gold standard in children. Am Surg 68:297–302

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  177. Curran TJ, Foley MI, Swanstrom LL, Campbell TJ (1998) Laparoscopy improves outcomes for pediatric splenectomy. J Pediatr Surg 33:1498–1500

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  178. Waldhausen JH, Tapper D (1997) Is pediatric laparoscopic splenectomy safe and cost effective? Arch Surg 132:822–824

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  179. Mantadakis E, Buchanan GR (2000) Elective splenectomy in children with idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura. J Pediatr Hematol Oncol 22:148–153

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  180. Gadner H (2001) Management of immune thrombocytopenic purpura in children. Rev Clin Exp Hematol 5:201–222

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  181. George JN, Woolf SH, Raskob GE, Wasser JS, Aledort LM, Ballem PJ, Blanchette VS, Bussel JB, Cines DB, Kelton JG, et al. (1996) Idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura: a practice guideline developed by explicit methods for the American Society of Hematology. Blood 88:3–40

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  182. Eden OB, Lilleyman JS (1992) Guidelines for management of idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura. The British Paediatric Haematology Group. Arch Dis Child 67:1056–1058

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  183. Esposito C, Corcione F, Garipoli V, Ascione G (1997) Pediatric laparoscopic splenectomy: are there real advantages in comparison with the traditional open approach? Pediatr Surg Int 12:509–510

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  184. Rothenberg SS (1998) Laparoscopic splenectomy in children. Semin Laparosc Surg 5:19–24

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  185. Rescorla FJ (2002) Laparoscopic splenectomy. Semin Pediatr Surg 11:226–232

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  186. Jugenburg M, Haddock G, Freedman MH, Ford-Jones L, Ein SH (1999) The morbidity and mortality of pediatric splenectomy: does prophylaxis make a difference? J Pediatr Surg 34:1064–1067

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  187. Kucuk C, Sozuer E, Ok E, Altuntas F, Yilmaz Z (2005) Laparoscopic versus open splenectomy in the management of benign and malign hematologic diseases: a ten-year single-center experience. J Laparoendosc Adv Surg Tech A 15:135–139

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  188. Vecchio R, Cacciola E, Lipari G, Privitera V, Polino C, Cacciola R (2005) Laparoscopic splenectomy reduces the need for platelet transfusion in patients with idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura. JSLS 9:415–418

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  189. Park A, Marcaccio M, Sternbach M, Witzke D, Fitzgerald P (1999) Laparoscopic vs open splenectomy. Arch Surg 134:1263–1269

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  190. Shimomatsuya T, Horiuchi T (1999) Laparoscopic splenectomy for treatment of patients with idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura: comparison with open splenectomy. Surg Endosc 13:563–566

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  191. Baccarani U, Carroll BJ, Hiatt JR, Donini A, Terrosu G, Decker R, Chandra M, Bresadola F, Phillips EH (1998) Comparison of laparoscopic and open staging in Hodgkin disease. Arch Surg 133:517–522

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  192. Yuan RH, Chen SB, Lee WJ, Yu SC (1998) Advantages of laparoscopic splenectomy for splenomegaly due to hematologic diseases. J Formos Med Assoc 97:485–489

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  193. Diaz J, Eisenstat M, Chung R (1997) A case-controlled study of laparoscopic splenectomy. Am J Surg 173:348–350

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  194. Delaitre B, Pitre J (1997) Laparoscopic splenectomy versus open splenectomy: a comparative study. Hepatogastroenterology 44:45–49

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  195. Brunt LM, Langer JC, Quasebarth MA, Whitman ED (1996) Comparative analysis of laparoscopic versus open splenectomy. Am J Surg 172:596–601

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  196. Rhodes M, Rudd M, O’Rourke N, Nathanson L, Fielding G (1995) Laparoscopic splenectomy and lymph node biopsy for hematologic disorders. Ann Surg 222:43–46

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  197. Schlinkert RT, Mann D (1995) Laparoscopic splenectomy offers advantages in selected patients with immune thrombocytopenic purpura. Am J Surg 170:624–627

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  198. Yee LF, Carvajal SH, de Lorimier AA, Mulvihill SJ (1995) Laparoscopic splenectomy: the initial experience at University of California, San Francisco. Arch Surg 130:874–879

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  199. Watanabe Y, Horiuchi A, Yoshida M, Yamamoto Y, Sugishita H, Kumagi T, Hiasa Y, Kawachi K (2007) Significance of laparoscopic splenectomy in patients with hypersplenism. World J Surg 31:549–555

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  200. Owera A, Hamade AM, Bani Hani OI, Ammori BJ (2006) Laparoscopic versus open splenectomy for massive splenomegaly: a comparative study. J Laparoendosc Adv Surg Tech A 16:241–246

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  201. Casaccia M, Torelli P, Squarcia S, Sormani MP, Savelli A, Troilo BM, Santori G, Valente U, Basso N, Silecchia G, et al. (2006) The Italian Registry of Laparoscopic Surgery of the Spleen (IRLSS): a retrospective review of 379 patients undergoing laparoscopic splenectomy. Chir Ital 58:697–707

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  202. Terrosu G, Donini A, Baccarani U, Vianello V, Anania G, Zala F, Pasqualucci A, Bresadola F (1998) Laparoscopic versus open splenectomy in the management of splenomegaly: our preliminary experience. Surgery 124:839–843

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to E. Neugebauer.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Habermalz, B., Sauerland, S., Decker, G. et al. Laparoscopic splenectomy: the clinical practice guidelines of the European Association for Endoscopic Surgery (EAES). Surg Endosc 22, 821–848 (2008). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00464-007-9735-5

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00464-007-9735-5

Keywords

Navigation