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Age-related changes in the central auditory system

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Abstract

Aging is accompanied by the deterioration of hearing that complicates our understanding of speech, especially in noisy environments. This deficit is partially caused by the loss of hair cells as well as by the dysfunction of the stria vascularis. However, the central part of the auditory system is also affected by processes accompanying aging that may run independently of those affecting peripheral receptors. Here, we review major changes occurring in the central part of the auditory system during aging. Most of the information that is focused on age-related changes in the central auditory system of experimental animals arises from experiments using immunocytochemical targeting on changes in the glutamic-acid-decarboxylase, parvalbumin, calbindin and calretinin. These data are accompanied by information about age-related changes in the number of neurons as well as about changes in the behavior of experimental animals. Aging is in principle accompanied by atrophy of the gray as well as white matter, resulting in the enlargement of the cerebrospinal fluid space. The human auditory cortex suffers not only from atrophy but also from changes in the content of some metabolites in the aged brain, as shown by magnetic resonance spectroscopy. In addition to this, functional magnetic resonance imaging reveals differences between activation of the central auditory system in the young and old brain. Altogether, the information reviewed in this article speaks in favor of specific age-related changes in the central auditory system that occur mostly independently of the changes in the inner ear and that form the basis of the central presbycusis.

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Abbreviations

AC:

Auditory cortex

AI:

Primary auditory cortex

ASR:

Acoustic startle reflex

C57:

C57/BL/6J mouse strain

CB:

Calbindin

CB(PV/CR)−/−:

CB(PV/CR)-deficient strain of mice

CBA:

CBA/CaJ mouse strain

CBP(s):

Calcium binding protein(s)

CL:

Caudolateral auditory field

CNs:

Cochlear nuclei

CR:

Calretinin

Cr:

Creatine

CSF:

Cerebrospinal fluid

DCN:

Dorsal cochlear nucleus

DTI:

Diffusion tensor imaging

EP:

Elderly subjects with expressed presbycusis

F344:

Fischer 344 rat strain

FA:

Fractional anisotropy

fMRI:

Functional magnetic resonance imaging

GABA:

Gamma aminobutyric acid

GAD67:

Glutamate-decarboxylase (isoform 67)

GM:

Gray matter

GrayVol:

Gray matter volume

HG:

Heschl’s gyrus

IC:

Inferior colliculus

Ins:

Myo-inositol

-ir:

Immunoreactive

Long-Evans:

Long-Evans rat strain

MCI:

Mild cognitive impairment

MD:

Mean diffusivity

MGB:

Medial geniculate body

MMN:

Mismatch negativity

MNTB:

Medial nucleus of trapezoid body

MP:

Elderly subjects with mild presbycusis

MRM:

Magnetic resonance morphometry

MRS:

Magnetic resonance spectroscopy

MRs:

MR spectroscopy

NAA:

N-acetylaspartate

NADPH-d:

Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide hydrogen phosphate diaphorase

PCr:

Phosphocreatine

PET:

Positron emission tomography

PPI:

Prepulse inhibition

PT:

Planum temporale

PV:

Parvalbumin

ROI:

Region of interest

SNHL:

Sensorineural hearing loss

VCN:

Ventral cochlear nucleus

VOI:

Volume of interest

VOT:

Varying voice onset times

WM:

White matter

WML:

White matter lesion

YC:

Young subjects with physiologic hearing

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Acknowledgment

This study was supported by the Grant Agency of the Czech Republic P304/12/G069 and P304/12/1342.

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Ouda, L., Profant, O. & Syka, J. Age-related changes in the central auditory system. Cell Tissue Res 361, 337–358 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00441-014-2107-2

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