TY - JOUR T1 - Geranylgeraniol Induces PPARγ Expression and Enhances the Biological Effects of a PPARγ Agonist in Adipocyte Lineage Cells JF - In Vivo JO - In Vivo SP - 1339 LP - 1344 DO - 10.21873/invivo.11384 VL - 32 IS - 6 AU - TAKUMA MATSUBARA AU - NANA TAKAKURA AU - MARIKO URATA AU - YUYA MURAMATSU AU - MAKOTO TSUBOI AU - KAZUMA YASUDA AU - WILLIAM N. ADDISON AU - MIN ZHANG AU - KOU MATSUO AU - CHIHIRO NAKATOMI AU - YUKIYO SHIGEYAMA-TADA AU - TAKESHI KANEUJI AU - ATSUKO NAKAMICHI AU - SHOICHIRO KOKABU Y1 - 2018/11/01 UR - http://iv.iiarjournals.org/content/32/6/1339.abstract N2 - Background: The global incidence of diabetes mellitus (DM) has risen precipitously, even in middle- and low-income countries. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) plays an important role in the control of cellular glucose metabolism. Activation of PPARγ beneficially results in increased insulin sensitivity. However, the expression of PPARγ is reduced by obesity and several nutritional factors. Here we examined the effect of geranylgeraniol (GGOH), a bioactive compound found naturally in fruits, vegetables, and grains, on the expression and activation of PPARγ. Materials and Methods: C3H10T1/2 mouse embryonic fibroblasts and 3T3-L1 pre-adipocytes were used as in vitro models of adipocyte differentiation and function. Quantitative reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction, western blotting, Oil Red O staining, and luciferase assay were performed to respectively assess mRNA expression, protein levels, lipid droplet formation and transcriptional activity. Results: GGOH increased the expression of PPARγ in adipocyte lineage cells. GGOH also enhanced adipogenesis induced by rosiglitazone, a thiazolidinedione class PPARγ agonist. Conclusion: GGOH induces PPARγ expression and enhances the biological effects of a PPARγ agonist in adipocyte lineage cells. ER -