TY - JOUR T1 - Geranylgeraniol-induced Myogenic Differentiation of C2C12 Cells JF - In Vivo JO - In Vivo SP - 1427 LP - 1431 DO - 10.21873/invivo.11395 VL - 32 IS - 6 AU - TAKUMA MATSUBARA AU - MARIKO URATA AU - TSUYOSHI NAKAJIMA AU - MARI FUKUZAKI AU - RYO MASUDA AU - YOSHIYUKI YOSHIMOTO AU - WILLIAM N. ADDISON AU - CHIHIRO NAKATOMI AU - KAZMASA MORIKAWA AU - MIN ZHANG AU - KATSURA SAEKI AU - YUKIKO TAKAHASHI AU - ATSUKO NAKAMICHI AU - SHOICHIRO KOKABU Y1 - 2018/11/01 UR - http://iv.iiarjournals.org/content/32/6/1427.abstract N2 - Background: Geranylgeraniol (GGOH) is a C20 isoprenoid found in fruits, vegetables, and grains, including rice. As a food substance, GGOH is categorized as ‘Generally Recognized as Safe’. GGOH is an intermediate product in the mevalonate pathway and acts as a precursor to geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate. Materials and Methods: C2C12 mouse myoblasts derived from muscle satellite cells were used. Quantitative reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction, western blotting analysis, and immunocytochemical analysis were performed to respectively assess mRNA expression, protein levels, and the number of myofibers. Results: GGOH reduced the expression levels of skeletal muscle atrophy-related ubiquitin ligases in myofibers derived from C2C12 cells. GGOH induced myogenic differentiation of C2C12 cells via geranylgeranylation. GGOH did not adversely affect the proliferation of C2C12 cells. Conclusion: GGOH induces myoblast differentiation in C2C12 cells. ER -