TY - JOUR T1 - Chemopreventive Action by Ethanol-extracted Brazilian Green Propolis on Post-initiation Phase of Inflammation-associated Rat Colon Tumorigenesis JF - In Vivo JO - In Vivo SP - 187 LP - 197 VL - 31 IS - 2 AU - KENICHIRO DOI AU - MASAKI FUJIOKA AU - YUI SOKUZA AU - MARIKO OHNISHI AU - MIN GI AU - MASANORI TAKESHITA AU - KENJI KUMADA AU - ANNA KAKEHASHI AU - HIDEKI WANIBUCHI Y1 - 2017/03/01 UR - http://iv.iiarjournals.org/content/31/2/187.abstract N2 - Background/Aim: Propolis has since long been utilized in numerous folk medicines with a variety of medicinal properties. In this study, the effects of ethanol-extracted (EEP) and water-extracted (WEP) Brazilian green propolis on the post-initiation phase of inflammation-associated rat colon tumorigenesis were directly compared. Materials and Methods: Male F344 rats at 6 weeks of age were subcutaneously injected with 1,2-dimethylhydrazine (DMH) at 40 mg/kg body weight twice during the first week, followed by 1% dextran sodium sulfate (DSS) in drinking water for one week. After a 1-week no-treatment period, animals were administered either basal Oriental MF powdered diet, or 1% EEP or 1% WEP in the basal diet until week 32. Results: Post-initiation treatment with EEP significantly reduced the multiplicity of colorectal carcinomas compared to the control (0.40±0.13/rat vs. 2.29±0.84/rat, respectively, p<0.05), and EEP also reduced the tumor volume. Immunohistochemically, expression of inflammation-associated proteins inducible nitric oxide synthase, tumor necrotic factor alpha, nuclear factor kappa B and glutathione peroxidase-2 were significantly diminished in colorectal tumors from EEP-treated rats. Conclusion: Suppression of inflammation and oxidative stress, which had been triggered by DMH and promoted by DSS, was a primary mechanism by which EEP suppressed carcinogenesis. ER -