PT - JOURNAL ARTICLE AU - EDY IPPOLITO AU - ALESSANDRA GUIDO AU - GABRIELLA MACCHIA AU - FRANCESCO DEODATO AU - LUCIA GIACCHERINI AU - ANDREA FARIOLI AU - ALESSANDRA ARCELLI AU - DAJANA CUICCHI AU - LEONARDO FRAZZONI AU - SAVINO CILLA AU - MILLY BUWENGE AU - GIOVANNA MANTINI AU - ANNA R. ALITTO AU - MARIANNA NUZZO AU - VINCENZO VALENTINI AU - MARCELLO INGROSSO AU - ALESSIO G. MORGANTI AU - LORENZO FUCCIO TI - Predictive Factors of Late-onset Rectal Mucosal Changes After Radiotherapy of Prostate Cancer DP - 2017 Sep 01 TA - In Vivo PG - 961--966 VI - 31 IP - 5 4099 - http://iv.iiarjournals.org/content/31/5/961.short 4100 - http://iv.iiarjournals.org/content/31/5/961.full SO - In Vivo2017 Sep 01; 31 AB - Background/Aim: The Vienna Rectoscopy Score (VRS; from 0, absence of rectal mucosal changes, to 5) assessed 1 year after radiotherapy is a surrogate end-point of late rectal toxicity. The aim of this study was to investigate the association between treatment-related factors and 1-year VRS. Patients and Methods: We performed a retrospective analysis of prospectively collected data. Patients with prostate adenocarcinoma treated with definitive or postoperative radiotherapy (RT) underwent endoscopy 1 year after RT. Relationships between VRS of 2 or more and treatment parameters were investigated by univariate and multivariate logistic analyses. Results: One hundred and ninety-five patients (mean age=69 years; range=43-81 years) were considered eligible for the study. At univariate analysis, patients treated with hypofractionation plus radiosurgery boost (p<0.001) and an equivalent dose in 2 Gy per fraction (EQD2) (α/β=3) ≥75 Gy (p<0.001) was associated with a significantly higher incidence of VRS ≥2 after 1 year of follow-up. At multivariate analysis, radiosurgery boost was an independent risk factor for developing rectal mucosal lesions (VRS ≥2), yielding an odds ratio (OR) of 4.14 (95% confidence interval (CI)=1.2-13.8), while pelvic surgery was inversely associated with VRS ≥2 (OR=0.39; 95% CI=0.17-0.94). Conclusion: Hypofractionation followed by radiosurgery boost significantly increased the risk of developing late-onset rectal mucosal changes. Therefore, special care and preventative treatment strategies are needed when using radiosurgery boost after hypofractionated RT.