<?xml version='1.0' encoding='UTF-8'?><xml><records><record><source-app name="HighWire" version="7.x">Drupal-HighWire</source-app><ref-type name="Journal Article">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">KIMURA, YOSHIAKI</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">SHIBATA, MIKA</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">TAMADA, MIKA</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">OZAKI, NORIYUKI</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">ARAI, KUNIZO</style></author></authors><secondary-authors></secondary-authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pharmacokinetics of Morphine in Rats with Adjuvant-induced Arthritis</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">In Vivo</style></secondary-title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2017</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2017-09-01 00:00:00</style></date></pub-dates></dates><pages><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">811-817</style></pages><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">31</style></volume><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">5</style></issue><abstract><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">We investigated the in vivo dynamics and analgesic effect of morphine using an adjuvant-induced arthritis (AA) rat as a model of chronic inflammation. Morphine generally binds to μ-opioid receptors in the brain to exert its effects. After several minutes, it is metabolized by glucuronidation via a UDP-glucuronosyltransferase (UGT). Here, we showed that in AA rats, UGT activity in liver microsomes was reduced. Morphine-free serum fractions in AA rats were also decreased (control, 84.9%; AA, 63.9%) and the expression of ATP-binding cassette, sub-family B (MDR/TAP), member 1 (ABCB1), which plays a crucial role in morphine bile excretion, decreased to 23.0% that of the control group. However, we observed no significant difference between the AA and control groups regarding blood concentrations of morphine and morphine-3-glucuronide. In contrast, the analgesic effect of morphine increased 4-fold in AA rats. Our results showed that the pharmacokinetics of morphine is not changed, but the pharmacodynamics of morphine is enhanced in chronic inflammation</style></abstract></record></records></xml>