RT Journal Article
SR Electronic
T1 Efficient Utilization of Licorice Root by Alkaline Extraction
JF In Vivo
JO In Vivo
FD International Institute of Anticancer Research
SP 785
OP 794
VO 28
IS 5
A1 HIROKAZU OHNO
A1 SHOZO MIYOSHI
A1 DAISUKE ARAHO
A1 TAISEI KANAMOTO
A1 SHIGEMI TERAKUBO
A1 HIDEKI NAKASHIMA
A1 TADASHI TSUDA
A1 KATSUYOSHI SUNAGA
A1 SHIGERU AMANO
A1 EMIKA OHKOSHI
A1 HIROSHI SAKAGAMI
A1 KAZUE SATOH
A1 MASAJI YAMAMOTO
YR 2014
UL http://iv.iiarjournals.org/content/28/5/785.abstract
AB Compared to studies of water extracts of plants, those utilising alkaline extracts are limited. Both water and alkaline extracts from licorice root were compared regarding their biological activities. Licorice root was successively extracted first with water or alkaline solution (pH 9 or 12), and the alkaline (pH 12.0) extract was further separated into 50% ethanol-soluble and -insoluble fractions. Viable cell number was determined by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide method. Antibacterial activity against Porphyromonas gingivalis 381 was determined by turbidity assay. Cytochrome P-450 (CYP)3A4 activity was measured by β-hydroxylation of testosterone using human recombinant CYP3A4. Radical intensity of superoxide and hydroxyl radicals was determined by electron spin resonance spectroscopy. Alkaline extraction yielded slightly higher amounts of dried materials compared to water extraction. Alkaline extract showed higher anti-HIV and antibacterial activities, and similar magnitudes of CYP3A4 inhibitory and superoxide and hydroxyl radical-scavenging activities, compared to water extract. When alkaline extract was fractionated by 50% ethanol, anti-HIV activity was recovered from the insoluble fraction representing approximately 3% of the alkaline extract, whereas antibacterial activity was concentrated in the soluble fraction rich in glycyrrhizid acid, flavanones and chalcones. All extracts and sub-fractions led to bimodal hormetic dose-response (maximum hormetic response=238%) on the bacterial growth. The present study demonstrated the superiority of alkaline extraction over water extraction for preparing anti-HIV and antibacterial agents at higher yield from licorice root.