RT Journal Article SR Electronic T1 Different Impact of Anti-retroviral Regimen Containing Protease Inhibitors on Development of HIV-related Kaposi Sarcoma JF In Vivo JO In Vivo FD International Institute of Anticancer Research SP 133 OP 136 VO 29 IS 1 A1 MARIA AURORA CARLEO A1 FILOMENA DI MARTINO A1 ANNALISA DEL GIUDICE A1 MIRIAM GARGIULO A1 GIOVANNI PARRELLA A1 PIETRO ROSARIO A1 VINCENZO SANGIOVANNI A1 ROSARIA VIGLIETTI A1 VINCENZO ESPOSITO A1 ANTONIO CHIRIANNI YR 2015 UL http://iv.iiarjournals.org/content/29/1/133.abstract AB Background: The incidence of Kaposi's sarcoma (KS), an AIDS-related malignancy, has dramatically decreased in the Highly Active Anti-retroviral Therapy (HAART) era. However, KS remains the second most frequent tumor in HIV-infected patients worldwide and has become the most common cancer in the sub-Saharan Africa. Experimental studies have demonstrated a direct anti-neoplastic effect of HAART, and overall of protease inhibitors (PIs), on KS. Case Report: We describe five cases of KS in HIV-infected patients on HAART regimen, containing PIs as atazanavir/r (ATV/r), darunavir/r (DRV/r), lopinavir/r (LPV/r) and fosamprenavir (fAMP/r). Conclusion: Clinical and experimental observations support the hypothesis that PIs may play an important role in prevention and treatment of KS. In our study, the treatment with PIs of recent generation was not protective against the development of KS. Therefore, it could be necessary to re-evaluate the therapeutic effects of PIs and their role in the development and treatment of KS in HIV-infected patients.