@article {MURAKAMI941, author = {YUKIO MURAKAMI and AKIFUMI KAWATA and YUYA SEKI and TEHO KOH and KENJI YUHARA and TAKEHISA MARUYAMA and MAMORU MACHINO and SHIGERU ITO and YOSHINORI KADOMA and SEIICHIRO FUJISAWA}, title = {Comparative Inhibitory Effects of Magnolol, Honokiol, Eugenol and bis-Eugenol on Cyclooxygenase-2 Expression and Nuclear Factor-Kappa B Activation in RAW264.7 Macrophage-like Cells Stimulated with Fimbriae of Porphyromonas gingivalis}, volume = {26}, number = {6}, pages = {941--950}, year = {2012}, publisher = {International Institute of Anticancer Research}, abstract = {Background: The anti-inflammatory activity of magnolol and related compounds is currently a focus of interest. In the present study, the inhibitory effects of these compounds on cyclooxygenase (COX-2) expression and nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) activation were investigated in RAW264.7 macrophage-like cells stimulated with the fimbriae of Porphyromonas gingivalis, an oral anaerobe. Materials and Methods: The cytotoxicity of magnolol, honokiol, eugenol and bis-eugenol against RAW264.7 cells was determined using a cell counting kit (CCK-8). The regulatory effect of these compounds on the expression of COX-2 mRNA, stimulated by exposure to the fimbriae was investigated by real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR). NF-κB activation was evaluated by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA)-like microwell colorimetric transcription factor activity assay (Trans-AM) and western blot analysis. The radical-scavenging activity was determined using the induction period method in the methyl methacrylate-azobisisobutyronitrile (AIBN) polymerization system under nearly anaerobic conditions. The phenolic bond dissociation enthalpy (BDE) and orbital energy were calculated at the density functional theory (DFT) B3LYP/6-31G* level. Results: The cytotoxicity against RAW264.7 cells declined in the order bis-eugenol\>eugenol\> honokiol\>magnolol, whereas the radical-scavenging activity declined in the order honokiol, bis-eugenol\>magnolol\> eugenol. Magnolol and honokiol significantly inhibited the fimbria-induced expression of COX-2 at non-cytotoxic concentrations. Both the fimbria-stimulated binding of NF-κB to its consensus sequence and phosphorylation-dependent proteolysis of inhibitor κB-α were markedly inhibited by magnilol and honokiol, whereas eugenol and bis-eugenol did not inhibit COX-2 expression and NF-κB activation. Magnolol and honokiol possessed a high electronegativity (χ) value. Conclusion: Magnolol and honokiol exhibit antioxidative activity, low cytotoxicity, and anti-inflammatory activity. These compounds may be capable of preventing chronic inflammatory diseases induced by oral bacteria.}, issn = {0258-851X}, URL = {https://iv.iiarjournals.org/content/26/6/941}, eprint = {https://iv.iiarjournals.org/content/26/6/941.full.pdf}, journal = {In Vivo} }