PT  - JOURNAL ARTICLE
AU  - MARIA KARALAKI
AU  - SOFIA FILI
AU  - ANASTASSIOS PHILIPPOU
AU  - MICHAEL KOUTSILIERIS
TI  - Muscle Regeneration: Cellular and Molecular Events
DP  - 2009 Sep 01
TA  - In Vivo
PG  - 779--796
VI  - 23
IP  - 5
4099  - http://iv.iiarjournals.org/content/23/5/779.short
4100  - http://iv.iiarjournals.org/content/23/5/779.full
SO  - In Vivo2009 Sep 01; 23
AB  - Muscle injury induces strong changes in muscle cells and extracellular matrix. Muscle regeneration after injury has similarities to muscle development during embryogenesis and seems to follow the same procedure. The initial phase of muscle repair is characterized by inflammation and degeneration of the damaged tissue. Almost simultaneously, previous quiescent myogenic cells, called satellite cells, are activated, proliferate, differentiate and fuse to form multinucleated myofibers. Other non-muscle stem cells may also take part in this process. Secreted factors, such as hepatocyte growth factor (HGF), fibroblast growth factors (FGFs), transforming growth factor-βs (TGF-βs), insulin-like growth factors (IGFs), tumour necrosis factor α (TNFα) and others, are released during muscle repair and guide muscle regeneration, however, their exact functions and effects on muscle remodeling remain unknown. Intensive research is currently addressing the regenerative mechanisms which are involved in acute muscle injuries and chronic muscle diseases.