TY - JOUR T1 - Phenothiazines, Bacterial Efflux Pumps and Targeting the Macrophage for Enhanced Killing of Intracellular XDRTB JF - In Vivo JO - In Vivo SP - 409 LP - 424 VL - 24 IS - 4 AU - LEONARD AMARAL AU - ANA MARTINS AU - JOSEPH MOLNAR AU - JETTE E KRISTIANSEN AU - MARTA MARTINS AU - MIGUEL VIVEIROS AU - LILIANA RODRIGUES AU - GABRIELLA SPENGLER AU - ISABEL COUTO AU - JORGE RAMOS AU - SUJATA DASTIDAR AU - SÉAMUS FANNING AU - MATT MCCUSKER AU - JEAN-MARIE PAGES Y1 - 2010/07/01 UR - http://iv.iiarjournals.org/content/24/4/409.abstract N2 - Phenothiazines have their primary effects on the plasma membrane of prokaryotes and eukaryotes. Among the components of the prokaryotic plasma membrane affected are efflux pumps, their energy sources, energy providing enzymes such as ATPases, and genes that regulate and code for permeability aspects of the bacterium. The responses of multi-drug (MDR) and extensively drug resistant (XDR) Mycobacterium tuberculosis to the neuroleptic phenothiazine thioridazine are reviewed. The information collated suggests that this phenothiazine has the potential to cure XDR and MDR tuberculosis infections, a potential that has been recently demonstrated by its ability to cure 10 patients who presented with XDR TB infections. The mechanism by which this phenothiazine produces the desired effects within the infected macrophage is also discussed. ER -