RT Journal Article
SR Electronic
T1 The Impact of <em>ACE</em> and <em>ACE2</em> Gene Polymorphisms in Pulmonary Diseases Including COVID-19
JF In Vivo
JO In Vivo
FD International Institute of Anticancer Research
SP 13
OP 29
DO 10.21873/invivo.12672
VO 36
IS 1
A1 GINTONI, IPHIGENIA
A1 ADAMOPOULOU, MARIA
A1 YAPIJAKIS, CHRISTOS
YR 2022
UL http://iv.iiarjournals.org/content/36/1/13.abstract
AB Chronic and acute respiratory diseases pose a major problem for public health worldwide due to the high morbidity and mortality rates, while treatment options remain mostly symptomatic. The renin-angiotensin system (RAS) plays an important role in lung tissue, regulating pulmonary circulation and blood pressure, but also contributing to normal pulmonary function and development. Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) and its homologous angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) are considered to be amongst the main RAS regulators and are highly expressed in the pulmonary vascular endothelium. This review discusses the impact of ACE and ACE2 functional gene polymorphisms on seven major pulmonary diseases, in terms of predisposition, course, and outcome, revealing their potential utility as both genetic markers and biomarkers. The discussed conditions include chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), pulmonary hypertension (PH), asthma, acute lung injury (ALI), acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), lung cancer and pulmonary sarcoidosis (PS), as well as SARS-CoV-2 viral infection and COVID-19 disease.