RT Journal Article SR Electronic T1 Docetaxel Rechallenge Improves Survival in Patients With Metastatic Castration-resistant Prostate Cancer: A Retrospective Study JF In Vivo JO In Vivo FD International Institute of Anticancer Research SP 3509 OP 3519 DO 10.21873/invivo.12653 VO 35 IS 6 A1 SHENG-CHUN HUNG A1 LI-WEN CHANG A1 JIAN-RI LI A1 SHIAN-SHIANG WANG A1 CHENG-KUANG YANG A1 CHUAN-SHU CHEN A1 KEVIN LU A1 CHENG-CHE CHEN A1 SHU-CHI WANG A1 CHIA-YEN LIN A1 CHEN-LI CHENG A1 YEN-CHUAN OU A1 KUN-YUAN CHIU YR 2021 UL http://iv.iiarjournals.org/content/35/6/3509.abstract AB Background/Aim: Docetaxel has been widely used in metastatic Castration-resistant Prostate Cancer (mCRPC) patients for decades. The purpose of the study was to evaluate the efficacy of docetaxel rechallenge in patients with mCRPC. Patients and Methods: We retrospectively compared patients who had received either first-line docetaxel and rechallenge after Androgen Receptor-axis Targeted therapies (ARAT), to those without rechallenge docetaxel. Multivariate cox-regression analysis was used to evaluate survival. Results: Out of the 204 patients with mCRPC enrolled in the study, 24 patients received docetaxel rechallenge and 180 did not. The median overall survival was 50.11 months in the rechallenge group, as compared to 26.36 months in the non-rechallenge group (p of log rank=0.044). In the multivariate model, doxetaxel rechallenge was an independent risk factor for overall survival [hazard ratio (HR)=0.59, 95% confidence interval (CI)=0.32-0.99], together with the performance status score 2 (HR=2.46, 95%CI=1.32-4.58), hormone-sensitive state duration (HR=0.99, 95%CI=0.99-0.999), liver (HR=1.90, 95%CI=1.04-3.47) and brain metastases (HR=2.23, 95%CI=1.26-5.46). The advantage of rechallenge was addressed in the androgen receptor-axis-targeted (ARAT) non-responsive patients (HR=0.36, 95%CI=0.17-0.78). Adverse events were at 29.17% with Grade 3/4 neutropenia and at 20.83% with Grade 1/2 neutropenia in the docetaxel rechallenge group. Conclusion: The docetaxel rechallenge improved survival in patients with mCRPC failure of first-line docetaxel and subsequent abiraterone acetate or enzalutamide. Independent predictive factors for overall survival included i) the performance status, ii) hormone-sensitive state duration, iii) liver and iv) brain metastases. Patients non-responsive to ARATs will benefit from docetaxel rechallenge with regards to overall survival.