PT  - JOURNAL ARTICLE
AU  - YUTARO KUBOTA
AU  - KIYOSHI YOSHIMURA
AU  - KAZUYUKI HAMADA
AU  - YUYA HIRASAWA
AU  - MIDORI SHIDA
AU  - MAKOTO TANIGUCHI
AU  - HIROTO MATSUI
AU  - HIROTSUGU ARIIZUMI
AU  - TOMOYUKI ISHIGURO
AU  - NORIHIRO SUZUKI
AU  - RYOTARO OHKUMA
AU  - TAKEHIKO SAMBE
AU  - HIROO ISHIDA
AU  - ATSUSHI HORIIKE
AU  - SATOSHI WADA
AU  - JUNJI TSURUTANI
AU  - SANJU IWAMOTO
AU  - NAOKI UCHIDA
AU  - YUJI KIUCHI
AU  - SHINICHI KOBAYASHI
AU  - TAKUYA TSUNODA
TI  - Rare Nivolumab-associated Super Hyper Progressive Disease in Patients With Advanced Gastric Cancer
AID  - 10.21873/invivo.12449
DP  - 2021 May 01
TA  - In Vivo
PG  - 1865--1875
VI  - 35
IP  - 3
4099  - http://iv.iiarjournals.org/content/35/3/1865.short
4100  - http://iv.iiarjournals.org/content/35/3/1865.full
SO  - In Vivo2021 May 01; 35
AB  - Background/Aim: Rapid tumor growth after administration of immune checkpoint inhibitors is designated hyper progressive disease (HPD). In this study, besides the conventional HPD category, we proposed the “super HPD” category where the disease is naturally rapidly growing. Patients and Methods: Patients treated for advanced gastric cancer with irinotecan or nivolumab as a third-line treatment were retrospectively compared. Results: Eighteen and 26 patients were treated with irinotecan or nivolumab, respectively. There were 3 HPD cases (16.7%) in the irinotecan group, 6 cases (23.1%) in the nivolumab group, and the frequency of HPD was not significantly different. Two cases satisfied the super HPD definition only in the nivolumab group. When one of them was analyzed immunologically, the number of regulatory T cells was found to be increased, resulting in a low neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio. Conclusion: Our proposed super HPD was likely to represent a true HPD, with a frequency of 7.7%.