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Research ArticleClinical Studies
Open Access

Comparative Analysis of Immune-based Combination Therapy as First-line Treatment for Advanced Renal Cell Carcinoma

YUTA MUKAE, KOJIRO OHBA, HIROMI NAKANISHI, MASAHARU OKI, KEN KAWADA, TSUYOSHI MATSUDA, KENSUKE MITSUNARI, TOMOHIRO MATSUO, YASUSHI MOCHIZUKI and RYOICHI IMAMURA
In Vivo January 2026, 40 (1) 389-397; DOI: https://doi.org/10.21873/invivo.14203
YUTA MUKAE
Department of Urology and Renal Transplantation, Nagasaki University Hospital, Nagasaki, Japan
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KOJIRO OHBA
Department of Urology and Renal Transplantation, Nagasaki University Hospital, Nagasaki, Japan
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  • For correspondence: ohba-k{at}nagasaki-u.ac.jp
HIROMI NAKANISHI
Department of Urology and Renal Transplantation, Nagasaki University Hospital, Nagasaki, Japan
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MASAHARU OKI
Department of Urology and Renal Transplantation, Nagasaki University Hospital, Nagasaki, Japan
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KEN KAWADA
Department of Urology and Renal Transplantation, Nagasaki University Hospital, Nagasaki, Japan
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TSUYOSHI MATSUDA
Department of Urology and Renal Transplantation, Nagasaki University Hospital, Nagasaki, Japan
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KENSUKE MITSUNARI
Department of Urology and Renal Transplantation, Nagasaki University Hospital, Nagasaki, Japan
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TOMOHIRO MATSUO
Department of Urology and Renal Transplantation, Nagasaki University Hospital, Nagasaki, Japan
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YASUSHI MOCHIZUKI
Department of Urology and Renal Transplantation, Nagasaki University Hospital, Nagasaki, Japan
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RYOICHI IMAMURA
Department of Urology and Renal Transplantation, Nagasaki University Hospital, Nagasaki, Japan
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    Strobe flowchart depicting the patient selection process.

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    Figure 2.

    Kaplan–Meier curves comparing (a) progression-free survival and (b) overall survival between the ICI-ICI and ICI-TKI groups. The log-rank test was used for statistical comparison. ICI-ICI: Immune checkpoint inhibitor combinations, ICI-TKI: immune checkpoint inhibitor plus tyrosine kinase inhibitor combinations.

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In Vivo: 40 (1)
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January-February 2026
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Comparative Analysis of Immune-based Combination Therapy as First-line Treatment for Advanced Renal Cell Carcinoma
YUTA MUKAE, KOJIRO OHBA, HIROMI NAKANISHI, MASAHARU OKI, KEN KAWADA, TSUYOSHI MATSUDA, KENSUKE MITSUNARI, TOMOHIRO MATSUO, YASUSHI MOCHIZUKI, RYOICHI IMAMURA
In Vivo Jan 2026, 40 (1) 389-397; DOI: 10.21873/invivo.14203

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Comparative Analysis of Immune-based Combination Therapy as First-line Treatment for Advanced Renal Cell Carcinoma
YUTA MUKAE, KOJIRO OHBA, HIROMI NAKANISHI, MASAHARU OKI, KEN KAWADA, TSUYOSHI MATSUDA, KENSUKE MITSUNARI, TOMOHIRO MATSUO, YASUSHI MOCHIZUKI, RYOICHI IMAMURA
In Vivo Jan 2026, 40 (1) 389-397; DOI: 10.21873/invivo.14203
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Keywords

  • Renal cell carcinoma
  • immune checkpoint inhibitor
  • tyrosine kinase inhibitor
  • combination drug therapy
  • survival rate
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