Lipofibromatosis Revisited

Abstract

Lipofibromatosis (LPF) is a locally aggressive but non-metastasizing mesenchymal tumor that primarily occurs in the hands and feet of infants and young children. It typically presents as a slow-growing, painless, poorly demarcated subcutaneous mass. Magnetic resonance imaging reveals the lesion to be a poorly defined mass with a mixture of adipose and fibrous components. Variable enhancement is seen after intravenous contrast administration. Histologically, LPF displays a distinctive admixture of mature adipose tissue and short fascicles of bland spindle cells. By immunohistochemistry, the spindle cells are moderately or diffusely positive for CD34 and CD99, focally positive for smooth muscle actin but typically negative for S-100 protein, desmin, β-catenin and pan-tropomyosin receptor kinase (TRK). Recent molecular studies have shown a variety of fusions involving epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) ligands or EGFR itself or other receptor tyrosine kinases, suggesting a shared deregulation of the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/AKT/mammalian target of the rapamycin (mTOR) pathway. Complete surgical excision with preservation of adjacent neurovascular structures is the treatment of choice for LPF. This review provides an updated overview of the clinical, radiological, histological, immunohistochemical, cytogenetic and molecular genetic features of LPF and discusses the relationship to LPF-like neural tumor.