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Research ArticleClinical Studies
Open Access

Epipharyngeal Abrasive Therapy Down-regulates the Expression of Cav1.2: A Key Molecule in Influenza Virus Entry

KENSUKE NISHI, SHOHEI YOSHIMOTO, SOICHIRO NISHI, TATSURO NISHI, RYUSHIRO NISHI, TOSHIYUKI TSUNODA, HIROMITSU MORITA, HIROAKI TANAKA, OSAMU HOTTA, SUSUMU YASUMASU, KENJI HIROMATSU, SENJI SHIRASAWA, TAKASHI NAKAGAWA and TAKAFUMI YAMANO
In Vivo September 2022, 36 (5) 2357-2364; DOI: https://doi.org/10.21873/invivo.12967
KENSUKE NISHI
1Section of Otolaryngology, Department of Medicine, Fukuoka Dental College, Fukuoka, Japan;
2Nishi Otolaryngology Clinic, Fukuoka, Japan;
3Department of Otolaryngology, Faculty of Medicine, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka, Japan;
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  • For correspondence: knishi{at}college.fdcnet.ac.jp
SHOHEI YOSHIMOTO
4Section of Pathology, Department of Morphological Biology, Division of Biomedical Sciences, Fukuoka Dental College, Fukuoka, Japan;
5Oral Medicine Research Center, Fukuoka Dental College, Fukuoka, Japan;
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SOICHIRO NISHI
2Nishi Otolaryngology Clinic, Fukuoka, Japan;
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TATSURO NISHI
2Nishi Otolaryngology Clinic, Fukuoka, Japan;
3Department of Otolaryngology, Faculty of Medicine, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka, Japan;
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RYUSHIRO NISHI
2Nishi Otolaryngology Clinic, Fukuoka, Japan;
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TOSHIYUKI TSUNODA
6Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka, Japan;
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HIROMITSU MORITA
7The Center for Visiting Dental Service, Fukuoka Dental College Medical and Dental General Hospital, Fukuoka, Japan;
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HIROAKI TANAKA
8Tanaka Hiroaki Clinic, Fukuoka, Japan;
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OSAMU HOTTA
9Division of Internal Medicine, Hotta Osamu Clinic (HOC), Sendai, Japan;
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SUSUMU YASUMASU
2Nishi Otolaryngology Clinic, Fukuoka, Japan;
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KENJI HIROMATSU
10Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka, Japan;
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SENJI SHIRASAWA
6Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka, Japan;
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TAKASHI NAKAGAWA
11Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
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TAKAFUMI YAMANO
1Section of Otolaryngology, Department of Medicine, Fukuoka Dental College, Fukuoka, Japan;
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    Figure 1.

    The method of epipharyngeal abrasive therapy (EAT). (A) Trans-nasal EAT using a sterile straight nasal cotton swab. (B) Trans-oral EAT using a pharyngeal cotton swab. (C) Endoscopic trans-nasal EAT. The entire epipharyngeal wall is scrubbed using a sterile straight nasal cotton swab soaked in 1% ZnCl2 solution. The white triangle indicates a sterile straight nasal cotton swab.

  • Figure 2.
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    Figure 2.

    Protein expression patterns of Cytokeratin 13 (CK13) in patient epipharynx samples of the epipharyngeal abrasive therapy-treated and non-treated groups.

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    Figure 3.

    α2,6 Sialic acid expression in patient tissue samples without and with epipharyngeal abrasive therapy (EAT). (A) Sialic acid in α2,6 linkage was recognized with biotinylated lectin Sambucus sieboldiana (SSA). (B) Immunohistochemical (IHC) scores for lectin SSA expression on the epipharyngeal mucosa of the EAT-treated (n=11) and non-treated groups (n=7). ns: Not significant.

  • Figure 4.
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    Figure 4.

    Protein expression patterns of Cav1.2 in patient tissue samples without and with epipharyngeal abrasive therapy (EAT). (A) Cav1.2 expression in the epipharynx of the EAT-treated and non-treated groups. (B) Immunohistochemical (IHC) scores for Cav1.2 expression on the epipharyngeal mucosa of the EAT-treated (n = 11) and non-treated groups (n = 7). **Significantly different at p<0.01.

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In Vivo: 36 (5)
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September-October 2022
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Epipharyngeal Abrasive Therapy Down-regulates the Expression of Cav1.2: A Key Molecule in Influenza Virus Entry
KENSUKE NISHI, SHOHEI YOSHIMOTO, SOICHIRO NISHI, TATSURO NISHI, RYUSHIRO NISHI, TOSHIYUKI TSUNODA, HIROMITSU MORITA, HIROAKI TANAKA, OSAMU HOTTA, SUSUMU YASUMASU, KENJI HIROMATSU, SENJI SHIRASAWA, TAKASHI NAKAGAWA, TAKAFUMI YAMANO
In Vivo Sep 2022, 36 (5) 2357-2364; DOI: 10.21873/invivo.12967

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Epipharyngeal Abrasive Therapy Down-regulates the Expression of Cav1.2: A Key Molecule in Influenza Virus Entry
KENSUKE NISHI, SHOHEI YOSHIMOTO, SOICHIRO NISHI, TATSURO NISHI, RYUSHIRO NISHI, TOSHIYUKI TSUNODA, HIROMITSU MORITA, HIROAKI TANAKA, OSAMU HOTTA, SUSUMU YASUMASU, KENJI HIROMATSU, SENJI SHIRASAWA, TAKASHI NAKAGAWA, TAKAFUMI YAMANO
In Vivo Sep 2022, 36 (5) 2357-2364; DOI: 10.21873/invivo.12967
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Keywords

  • Epipharyngeal abrasive therapy (EAT)
  • influenza
  • influenza A virus (IAV)
  • voltage-dependent Ca2+ channel (Cav1.2)
  • chronic epipharyngitis
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