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Review ArticleReviews

On the Origin of SARS-CoV-2: Did Cell Culture Experiments Lead to Increased Virulence of the Progenitor Virus for Humans?

BERND KAINA
In Vivo May 2021, 35 (3) 1313-1326; DOI: https://doi.org/10.21873/invivo.12384
BERND KAINA
Institute of Toxicology, University Medical Center, Mainz, Germany
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Article Information

vol. 35 no. 3 1313-1326
DOI 
https://doi.org/10.21873/invivo.12384
PubMed 
33910809

Published By 
International Institute of Anticancer Research
Print ISSN 
0258-851X
Online ISSN 
1791-7549
History 
  • Received March 16, 2021
  • Revision received March 24, 2021
  • Accepted March 25, 2021
  • Published online April 28, 2021.

Copyright & Usage 
Copyright© 2021, International Institute of Anticancer Research (Dr. George J. Delinasios), All rights reserved

Author Information

  1. BERND KAINA⇑
  1. Institute of Toxicology, University Medical Center, Mainz, Germany
  1. Correspondence to: Bernd Kaina, Institute of Toxicology, University Medical Center, Obere Zahlbacher Str. 67, D-55131 Mainz, Germany. E-mail: kaina{at}uni-mainz.de
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In Vivo: 35 (3)
In Vivo
Vol. 35, Issue 3
May-June 2021
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On the Origin of SARS-CoV-2: Did Cell Culture Experiments Lead to Increased Virulence of the Progenitor Virus for Humans?
BERND KAINA
In Vivo May 2021, 35 (3) 1313-1326; DOI: 10.21873/invivo.12384

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On the Origin of SARS-CoV-2: Did Cell Culture Experiments Lead to Increased Virulence of the Progenitor Virus for Humans?
BERND KAINA
In Vivo May 2021, 35 (3) 1313-1326; DOI: 10.21873/invivo.12384
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  • Article
    • Abstract
    • The COVID-19 Pandemic
    • The Virus SARS-CoV-2
    • How Does the Infection Occur on the Cellular Level?
    • Where Does SARS-CoV-2 Come From?
    • The Search for the Predecessor of SARS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2
    • How Does Human SARS-CoV-2 Differ from SARS-CoVs Found in Bats and What Makes it Unique?
    • What Scenarios are Conceivable for Zoonosis?
    • Comparative Assessment
    • Summary and Conclusion
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    • References
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Keywords

  • Corona virus
  • COVID-19
  • SARS-CoV-2
  • gain-of-function experiments
  • pandemic
  • bat viruses
  • review
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