Amentoflavone Inhibits Hepatocellular Carcinoma Progression Through Blockage of ERK/NF-ĸB Activation

KUN-CHING LEE; WEI-TING CHEN; YU-CHANG LIU; SONG-SHEI LIN; FEI-TING HSU

doi:10.21873/invivo.11351

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Figure 1.
Schematic depiction of experimental protocol. Please refer to Materials and Methods section for details. BLI: Bioluminescent imaging, IHC: immunohistochemistry, HE: hematoxylin and eosin.
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Figure 2.
Effect of amentoflavone on body weight of SK-Hep1/luc2 tumor-bearing mice. Body weight of mice in vehicle-treated and amentoflavone-treated groups was measured on days 0, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, and 14 after treatment.
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Figure 3.
Effect of amentoflavone on tumor growth of SK-Hep1/luc2 tumor-bearing mice. During the treatment period, tumor growth of mice was monitored using digital caliper, bioluminescent imaging (BLI), and animal computed tomography. A: Photograph of tumor removed from mice sacrificed on day 14 after treatment. B: Tumor volume was measured with digital caliper. C: Tumor growth was monitored with BLI and photographs of mice are shown. D: Quantification of total photon flux of BLI. E: Images of whole-body computed tomographic scan on day 14 after treatment. Significantly different at ^ap<0.05 and ^bp<0.01 compared to the vehicle-treated group.
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Figure 4.
Effect of amentoflavone on tumor progression-associated proteins modulated by extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK)/nuclear factor-ĸB (NF-ĸB) in SK-Hep1/luc2 tumor-bearing mice. Protein levels of phosphorylated (P)ERK, NF-ĸB p65 (Ser536), matrix metallopeptidase 9 (MMP-9), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), cyclin-D1, myeloid leukemia cell differentiation protein (MCL-1), cellular FADD-like IL-1β-converting enzyme-inhibitory protein (C-FLIP), and X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis protein (XIAP) in tumor tissues were investigated by immunohistochemistry. A: Image at magnification of 100×. B: Quantification of protein level. C: Pathological examination of liver tissues obtained from mice sacrificed on day 14 after treatment was evaluated by hematoxylin-eosin staining. ^aSignificantly different at p<0.01 compared to the vehicle-treated group.