Article Figures & Data
Figures
- Figure 1.
The optical image of the duck-beak bone microparticles and microscopic image of the human adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells of this study are shown. hAD-MSCs, human adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells; μC, micro-computed tomography.
- Figure 2.
Cell attachment on the surface of duck-beak bone. Images of cell attachment were taken by a fluorescence microscope (a). Group 2 has a significantly higher number of attached cells compared with Group 1 (b) (×400). CM, Control media; OM, osteogenic media.
- Figure 3.
Proliferative test on microparticles of both groups. The CCK-8 assay confirms the cell proliferation capacity on days 1, 3, 5 and 7.
- Figure 4.
In vivo critical-sized rat calvarial defect. After defect formation (Left), duck-beak bone particles are transplanted into the defect (Right).
- Figure 5.
Micro-computed tomography (μ-CT) 3D images analysis of rat calvarial defect filled with duck-beak bone particles at 12 weeks after duck-beak bone transplantation. The results include duck-beak bone (black bar) and newly-formed bone (gray bar) (a). The average percentage of new bone formation excludes the duck-beak bone particle density after thresholding (b). Three-dimensionally reconstructed μCT images of new bone formation in critical-sized calvarial bone defect of rats from both groups (c).
- Figure 6.
Cross sectional 2D micro-computed tomography (μ-CT) images of new bone formation at 12 weeks after duck-beak bone implantation in critical-sized calvarial bone defect in Sprague Dawley rats. Maximum intensity projection (MIP) images with color mapping help the visualization of new bone mineral density. Typical hematoxylin-eosin (H&E) and Masson's trichrome (MT) stains of the non-decalcified sections are also presented (×40).
