Article Figures & Data
Figures
- Figure 1.
Vitamin D3 repletion ensures effective microbial elimination, yet combined with prompt protective anti-inflammation and immunoregulation.
- Figure 2.
The most important direct and indirect cooperative, and in part, bi-directional immune effects of vitamin D3 pathway. 25-OHD3 25-Hydoxyvitamin D3; 1,25(OH)2D3 1α,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D3; VDR vitamin D receptor; mDC myeloid dendritic cell, NK T-cells Natural Killer T-cells.
- Figure 3.
Vitamin D3-depletion results in a substantial innate immune defect, whereas the expected adaptive immune intolerance presumably is modified by microbial immune subversion mechanisms, characterized by marked immune tolerance, in spite of smoldering chronic inflammation. A hierarchy of further immune deregulation steps will ensue, culminating in the problem of chronic calcium deficiency with exacerbation of immunoderegulation.
In this issue
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- Article
- Abstract
- Sufficient Supply of Vitamin D3 is Important for Proper Human Cell Functions and Stress Response
- Physical and Functional Epithelial Barriers are Enhanced by 1,25(OH)2D3
- Influence of 1,25(OH)2D3 on Antimicrobial Peptides (AMiPs)
- Auto/Xenophagy as an Important Cellular Rheostat and its Relation to 1,25(OH)2D3 and Cathelicidin
- Endo- and Phagocytosis are Enhanced by 1,25(OH)2D3 and Cathelicidin
- 1,25(OH)2D3 Induces Immune-tolerant Myeloid Dendritic Cells and Regulatory T-Cells
- Cathelicidin and NK cells in Innate and Adaptive Immunity
- Vitamin D Receptor and 1,25(OH)2D3 Are most Important for Invariant NK T-cells
- Intra-epithelial CD8αα TCRαβ Cells are Invariant NK T-cell-equivalent gut Mucosa Cells and Essential for Local Immune Balance
- Activated B-cells Express VDR, and B-cell/invariant NK T-cell Interactions Modulate Immune Responses
- Discussion
- Acknowledgements
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- References
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