Research ArticleExperimental Studies

Vanillin Enhances TRAIL-Induced Apoptosis in Cancer Cells through Inhibition of NF-κB Activation

KRIENGSAK LIRDPRAPAMONGKOL, HIROAKI SAKURAI, SHUNSUKE SUZUKI, KEIICHI KOIZUMI, ORAWIN PRANGSAENGTONG, AMORNRAT VIRIYAROJ, SOMSAK RUCHIRAWAT, JISNUSON SVASTI and IKUO SAIKI
In Vivo July 2010, 24 (4) 501-506;

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Figures

  • Figure 1.
    Figure 1.

    Effect of vanillin on TRAIL-induced cell death in HeLa cells. Viability of HeLa cells after treatment was determined by WST-1 assay. A: Cells were treated with vanillin alone for 24 hours. B: Cells were pretreated with vanillin (2 mM) or vehicle (0.2% DMSO) for 30 min, and further incubated with different concentrations of TRAIL for 24 hours. C: Cells were pretreated with different concentrations of vanillin for 30 min, and further incubated in the presence or absence of TRAIL (200 ng/ml) for 24 hours. Data are expressed as mean±S.D. from at least three independent experiments, and significant differences between groups are shown by *p<0.05 and **p<0.01.

  • Figure 2.
    Figure 2.

    Vanillin enhances TRAIL-induced apoptosis. HeLa cells were pretreated with vanillin (2 mM) for 30 min, followed by incubation in the presence or absence of TRAIL (200 ng/ml) for 12 hours. A: Photographs were taken at original magnification of ×50. B: Whole cell lysates were analyzed by immunoblot for apoptotic proteins, caspase-3 and PARP, using actin as loading control.

  • Figure 3.
    Figure 3.

    Effect of vanillin on downstream signaling of TRAIL. HeLa cells were pretreated with vanillin (2 mM) for 30 min, followed by incubation in the presence or absence of TRAIL (200 ng/ml) for 12 hours. Whole cell lysates were then analyzed by immunoblot for levels of total and phosphorylated forms of Akt, ERK, JNK, p38 and NF-κB p65.

  • Figure 4.
    Figure 4.

    Effect of vanillin on TRAIL-induced NF-κB transcriptional activity. HeLa cells stably transfected with NF-κB-luciferase reporter plasmid were pretreated with vanillin (2 mM) for 30 min, and further incubated with TNFα (20 ng/ml)(A) or TRAIL (200 ng/ml) (B) for 3 hours. NF-κB-mediated luciferase gene expression was then determined by luciferase activity assay. C: Cell viability after 3 hours of treatment was determined by WST-1 assay. Data are expressed as mean±S.D. from three independent experiments.

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Vanillin Enhances TRAIL-Induced Apoptosis in Cancer Cells through Inhibition of NF-κB Activation
KRIENGSAK LIRDPRAPAMONGKOL, HIROAKI SAKURAI, SHUNSUKE SUZUKI, KEIICHI KOIZUMI, ORAWIN PRANGSAENGTONG, AMORNRAT VIRIYAROJ, SOMSAK RUCHIRAWAT, JISNUSON SVASTI, IKUO SAIKI
In Vivo Jul 2010, 24 (4) 501-506;
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